Cardiac Tissue Rotating Activity Termination via Segmented Pulse Sequences
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing apparatuses for terminating or unpinning rotating electric activity in cardiac tissue require high overall electric energy, which is not efficiently managed, and often necessitate multiple pulses to effectively terminate the activity.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus comprising an electric state sensor, analyzer, pulse generator, and applicator that applies a series of synchronization pulses followed by a termination pulse with reduced energy and field strength, significantly lowering the total energy required for terminating or unpinning rotating electric activity in cardiac tissue.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If high energy electric pulses are applied to terminate rotating electric activity, then the termination effectiveness is improved, but the overall energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The single high-energy termination pulse is segmented into multiple lower-energy pulses applied in sequence. The first pulse has energy E1, the second pulse has energy E2, and their sum E1+E2 is less than the energy of a single conventional termination pulse, while achieving the same termination effectiveness through phased application.
Solution Approach 2:
A preliminary action pulse is applied before the main termination pulse to prepare the cardiac tissue for more effective termination. This first pulse modifies the tissue state so that the subsequent second pulse can terminate the rotating electric activity more efficiently, reducing the total energy required.
2Reliability
If multiple high energy pulses are applied to ensure termination, then the termination reliability is improved, but the treatment complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system incorporates feedback mechanisms to monitor the response of cardiac tissue to each applied pulse. Based on this feedback, the controller adjusts the parameters of subsequent pulses, allowing reliable termination while simplifying the treatment protocol by avoiding unnecessary additional pulses.
3Reliability
If high field strength pulses are used to terminate rotating activity, then the pulse effectiveness is improved, but the tissue damage risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The high field strength requirement is segmented across multiple pulses with lower individual field strengths. The first pulse applies field strength F1 and the second pulse applies field strength F2, where both are lower than a single conventional pulse would require, reducing tissue damage risk while maintaining termination effectiveness through cumulative effect.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus effectively terminates or unpins rotating electric activity with reduced overall energy consumption by synchronizing the cardiac tissue with lower-energy pulses before applying a higher-energy termination pulse, thereby minimizing the total energy applied and ensuring efficient termination.
Implementation Method 1
an electric state sensor configured to sense at least one electric parameter of the cardiac tissue
Implementation Method 2
a pulse applicator connected to the pulse generator and configured to apply the electric pulses as electric field pulses extending across the cardiac tissue
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for terminating or unpinning rotating electric activity in a cardiac tissue analyzes an electric parameter for rotating electric activity in the cardiac tissue, and generates electric pulses in response to the rotating electric activity. The electric pulses are applied as electric field pulses and include a plurality of rotating electric activity synchronization pulses arranged at first intervals and a rotating electric activity termination or unpinning pulse following to the last synchronization pulse at a second interval which is similar to one of the first intervals. A maximum electric field strength caused the synchronization pulses is not more than 82% of a maximum electric field strength caused by the termination or unpinning pulse, and an electric pulse energy delivered to the cardiac tissue by each of the synchronization pulses is not more than 67% of an electric pulse energy delivered by the termination or unpinning pulse.