Cardioplegia Delivery Console for Blood–Crystalloid Ratio Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing cardioplegia delivery systems suffer from poor adaptability to varying surgical requirements, lack of control over delivery flow rates, and potential damage to blood due to shearing forces during pumping.
Innovation Solution
A cardioplegia delivery system comprising a console, controller, and disposables that separately combine blood and crystalloid solutions with a specified ratio, adding arrest agents, and includes temperature control, pressure monitoring, and ultrasonic air detection, allowing for software-controlled delivery with a touchscreen interface.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single rotary peristaltic pump is used to combine blood and crystalloid solutions, then the device complexity is reduced, but the manufacturing precision of solution ratio control deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The single peristaltic pump is segmented into two separate pumps: a first peristaltic pump for blood solution and a second peristaltic pump for crystalloid solution. This segmentation allows independent control of each solution's flow rate, enabling precise ratio control (e.g., 4:1 blood-to-crystalloid) without relying on tubing diameter ratios, thereby resolving the contradiction between device simplicity and ratio precision.
2Ease of operation
If a rotary peristaltic pump is used to deliver cardioplegia solution, then the ease of operation is improved, but the object-affected harmful factors increase due to shearing forces on blood
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful rotary motion that generates shearing forces is extracted and replaced. The invention uses peristaltic pumping action (squeezing tubing) instead of rotary impeller action, eliminating direct contact between rotating mechanical parts and the blood solution, thereby reducing shearing forces and blood damage while maintaining ease of operation through simple pump control.
3Device complexity
If fixed ratio tubing is used for blood and crystalloid delivery, then the device complexity is reduced, but the adaptability to varying surgical requirements deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The fixed ratio system is transformed into a dynamic, adjustable system. Instead of relying on fixed tubing diameter ratios, the invention uses two independently controlled peristaltic pumps with adjustable speeds, allowing the blood-to-crystalloid ratio to be dynamically changed during surgery to meet varying surgical requirements without modifying the physical tubing configuration.
4Device complexity
If manual monitoring and adjustment is used for cardioplegia delivery, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision of delivery parameters deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
Manual monitoring is enhanced with automated feedback systems. The invention incorporates sensors and control circuits that continuously monitor delivery parameters (flow rate, ratio, temperature) and provide feedback to the control system, enabling precise measurement and automatic adjustment of delivery parameters while maintaining relatively simple device architecture through intelligent control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides adaptable and controlled cardioplegia delivery with reduced blood damage, enabling precise monitoring and adjustment of flow rates, temperature, and pressure, enhancing surgical safety and efficacy.
Implementation Method 1
a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a cooling fluid and the cardioplegia solution
Implementation Method 2
a peristaltic pump to deliver the cardioplegia solution from the cardioplegia reservoir through a delivery line to the patient
Data Source
AI summary
An embodiment includes a cardioplegia delivery system having a console, controller, and disposables. The console, in conjunction with the disposables, combines blood from the heart-lung machine and crystalloid from the IV-bag in a specified ratio and then adds in a drug (arrest agent and/or additive). The electro-mechanical console incorporates a blood/crystalloid pump, temperature controllable water circulation system, pressure and temperature monitors, a sensor interface with the disposables, an arrest agent pump, an additive pump and ultra-sonic air detection sensors. The system monitors and controls the blood-crystalloid ratio, drug concentration, flow rate, pressure, temperature, and delivery route of the cardioplegia solution delivered to the patient. The system is a software-controlled system with a graphical user interface controller. The controller is utilized to initiate/stop cardioplegia delivery, monitor delivery parameters and view/save relevant case information and data.