Directional Antenna Authentication for Cardless ATM Interception Defense

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Solution Overview

Problem

ATMs face security challenges from man-in-the-middle attacks, particularly when customers use mobile devices for transactions, as attackers can intercept financial transactions by physically proximity, posing risks to financial institutions and their clients.

Innovation Solution

A system using directional antennas at ATMs to verify the presence of the user through a mobile device, transmitting and receiving secure signals in specific directions to ensure the user is physically present, combined with a mobile app for secure transactions without a physical card.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If cardless ATM authentication using mobile devices is implemented, then ease of operation is improved, but security is worsened due to man-in-the-middle attacks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of operationVSAvoidsecurity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces directional antennas as an intermediary authentication mechanism between the mobile device and the ATM. These antennas verify the user's physical presence by detecting the mobile device's signal only from specific directional positions, creating a mediator layer that prevents direct interception attacks while maintaining cardless convenience

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent adds a spatial dimension to the authentication process by using directional antennas that detect signals from specific physical locations and orientations. This transforms the authentication from a purely digital verification to a three-dimensional verification that includes the user's physical position and device orientation relative to the ATM

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If directional antennas are used to verify user presence, then security is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesecurityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates the directional antenna system into the existing ATM infrastructure, allowing the same hardware to serve multiple functions: traditional card transactions, mobile device authentication, and physical presence verification. This multi-functionality approach reduces the need for entirely separate systems and mitigates complexity increases

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances security by ensuring that only the authorized user present at the ATM can perform transactions, reducing financial losses and risks.

Implementation Method 1

A directional antenna of the transmitter is configured to transmit the first signal in a first direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

A directional antenna of the receiver is configured to receive the second signal in a second direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation reception: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP4091116B1Securing a cardless ATM authentication through position detection
Publication Date: 2025.08.06 CAPITAL ONE SERVICES LLC
  • EP4091116B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4091116B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4091116B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems and methods includes a kiosk. The kiosk performs an electronic payment transaction based on instructions received from a portable device of a user. The system further includes a transmitting device electrically coupled to the kiosk. The transmitting device is configured to transmit a first signal to the portable device at a first direction. The system further includes a receiving device electrically coupled to the kiosk. The receiving device is configured to receive a second signal from the portable device at a second direction. The transmitting device and receiving device are positioned such that the first and second direction enable determination of a position of the user, where the processor enables the electronic payment transaction to be processed only when the portable device is at a location relative to the kiosk. The location is disposed within a transmission path coextensive with both the first direction and the second direction.