Cascade Air Conditioner Pipe Diameter Design for Oil Return

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Solution Overview

Problem

In dual refrigerant cycle systems with a cascade heat exchanger, the flow speed of refrigerant in the secondary-side cycle is typically slow, leading to difficulties in the return of refrigerating-machine oil to the compressor.

Innovation Solution

The system incorporates a secondary-side cycle with smaller pipe diameters for the connection pipes compared to the primary-side cycle, enhancing the flow speed of refrigerant and facilitating the return of refrigerating-machine oil by adjusting the pipe diameters based on refrigerating capacity for specific refrigerants like carbon dioxide, R32, and R454B.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If a cascade heat exchanger is introduced to form a dual refrigerant cycle, then heat exchange efficiency is improved, but refrigerant flow speed becomes slow causing refrigerating-machine oil to difficultly return to the compressor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchange efficiencyVSAvoidrefrigerant flow speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different pipe diameters to different locations in the system. Specifically, the secondary-side connection pipe has a smaller diameter than the primary-side connection pipe, creating local differentiation in flow characteristics. This allows the secondary-side refrigerant to achieve higher flow velocity in the connection pipe, enabling refrigerating-machine oil to return to the compressor, while maintaining adequate heat exchange capacity in the cascade heat exchanger.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Speed

If smaller pipe diameters are used in the secondary-side cycle, then refrigerant flow speed increases facilitating oil return, but pressure loss may increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverefrigerant flow speedVSAvoidpressure loss
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the pipe diameter parameter specifically for the secondary-side connection pipe to optimize flow velocity. By selecting an appropriate smaller diameter (7.9mm, 9.5mm, or 12.7mm based on refrigerating capacity), the system achieves sufficient refrigerant flow speed for oil return while controlling pressure loss within acceptable limits for the connection section.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration increases the flow speed of refrigerant in the secondary-side cycle, ensuring that refrigerating-machine oil easily returns to the compressor, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the refrigerant cycle system.

Implementation Method 1

a cascade heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Data Source

PatentEP3978831B1Air conditioner
Publication Date: 2023.08.09 DAIKIN INDUSTRIES LTD
  • EP3978831B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A refrigerant cycle system (100) includes a primary-side cycle (20) that circulates a first refrigerant, a secondary-side cycle (40) that the second refrigerant, and a cascade heat exchanger (35) that exchanges heat between the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant. The primary-side cycle (20) includes a primary-side connection pipe. The secondary-side cycle (40) includes a secondary-side connection pipe. The primary-side connection pipe includes a primary-side gas connection pipe (22) and a primary-side liquid connection pipe (21). The secondary-side connection pipe includes a secondary-side gas connection pipe (42) and a secondary-side liquid connection pipe (41). The pipe diameter of the secondary-side gas connection pipe (42) is smaller than the pipe diameter of the primary-side gas connection pipe (22), or the pipe diameter of the secondary-side liquid connection pipe (41) is smaller than the pipe diameter of the primary-side liquid connection pipe (21).