Cascaded Convolutional Interleaving for Low-Delay Ethernet Transmission
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Solution Overview
Problem
As Ethernet transmission rates increase, so does the transmission bit error rate, posing a challenge in designing a low-delay interleaver that meets transmission performance requirements.
Innovation Solution
A data transmission apparatus is provided, featuring z physical coding sublayer (PCS) lanes and z convolutional interleaving modules, where each module includes x levels of cascaded convolutional interleavers. This configuration allows for flexible selection of interleaver levels to meet transmission performance and reduce transmission delay.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the Ethernet transmission rate is increased to meet high-speed data traffic requirements, then the transmission throughput is improved, but the transmission bit error rate increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the data stream into multiple segments and processes them through multiple cascaded convolutional interleavers. Each interleaver stage processes a portion of the data with different interleaving depths, allowing the system to maintain high transmission rates while distributing error correction across multiple stages, thereby reducing the overall bit error rate.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a multi-dimensional approach by cascading interleavers in series across multiple stages rather than using a single interleaver. This creates an additional dimension of error correction capability, where each stage adds another layer of protection against transmission errors, effectively combating the increased bit error rate at higher transmission speeds.
2Loss of time
If a traditional single-stage interleaver is used, then the device complexity is low, but the transmission delay cannot be reduced sufficiently
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the interleaving function into multiple cascaded stages, where each stage performs a portion of the interleaving operation. This segmentation allows the system to achieve lower transmission delay by distributing the processing load across stages while using indication signals to selectively bypass certain stages, thereby reducing the effective complexity for different transmission scenarios.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces dynamic control through indication signals that can selectively enable or bypass specific interleaver stages based on transmission conditions. This dynamic adaptability allows the system to optimize between delay reduction and error correction capability, adjusting the effective complexity of the interleaver structure in real-time according to network conditions.
3Reliability
If multiple convolutional interleavers are cascaded to reduce transmission delay, then the transmission performance is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs each convolutional interleaver stage to be a modular, universal unit that can be selectively activated or bypassed. The indication signal mechanism provides multi-functionality by enabling the same hardware structure to adapt between different operational modes (full interleaving, partial interleaving, or bypass), thereby managing device complexity while maintaining transmission performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operational parameters of the interleaver system by using indication signals to dynamically adjust which stages are active. This allows the system to optimize the balance between reliability and complexity by modifying the effective number of interleaver stages in operation based on transmission conditions, rather than always using the maximum number of stages.
4Productivity
If the inner-code encoder bit width is increased to handle higher transmission rates, then the transmission throughput is improved, but the interleaving depth requirements become more stringent
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the interleaving depth requirement across multiple cascaded stages, where each stage contributes a portion of the total interleaving depth. This segmentation allows the system to achieve the required interleaving precision for high-rate transmission without requiring a single excessively deep interleaver, thereby managing the complexity while supporting higher throughput.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent addresses the interleaving depth precision requirement by adding another dimension through multiple cascaded stages. Instead of increasing the depth of a single interleaver, the system distributes the depth requirement across multiple stages, each operating at manageable precision levels while collectively achieving the required total interleaving depth for high-speed transmission.
Data Source
AI summary
A data transmission apparatus includes z physical coding sublayer (PCS) lanes and z convolutional interleaving modules, where one convolutional interleaving module corresponds to one PCS lane. The convolutional interleaving module includes x levels of cascaded convolutional interleavers, where x is an integer greater than 1, and z is a positive integer. The PCS lane is configured to receive a first data stream from a PCS, where one first data stream corresponds to one PCS lane. The convolutional interleaving module is configured to perform interleaving processing on a first data stream from a corresponding PCS lane, to obtain a second data stream, where an interleaving depth of the second data stream is related to a quantity of input bits of an inner-code encoder. The cascaded interleavers enables a quantity of levels of the cascaded interleavers to be flexibly selected.