Catalytic Reactor Temperature Sensor for Fuel Tank Inerting

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current fuel tank inerting systems on aircraft lack effective methods for monitoring and managing catalyst deactivation, which is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and safety of the inerting process, as catalysts gradually lose activity over time and need to be replaced.

Innovation Solution

A fuel tank inerting system that includes a catalytic reactor with a temperature sensor located between the inlet and outlet to monitor catalyst activity, allowing for the detection of deactivation by tracking temperature changes along the flow path, enabling scheduled maintenance and regeneration or replacement.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a catalytic reactor is used to generate inert gas by reacting fuel vapor with air, then the inerting function is achieved, but the catalyst gradually deactivates and requires maintenance monitoring

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinerting functionVSAvoidcatalyst activity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The temperature sensor is installed in advance within the catalytic reactor to monitor catalyst temperature before complete deactivation occurs. This preliminary monitoring allows for proactive maintenance scheduling, detecting catalyst deactivation trends before the catalyst fully loses activity, ensuring continuous reliable inerting function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Device complexity

If no monitoring system is installed, then the device complexity is reduced, but the ability to detect and manage catalyst deactivation is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem structureVSAvoidcatalyst deactivation
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The catalytic reactor performs self-diagnosis through the temperature sensor that monitors its own operating conditions. The sensor detects temperature changes that indicate catalyst deactivation, allowing the system to self-assess its performance status and trigger maintenance alerts without external intervention, balancing simplicity with detectability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Loss of substance

If the catalyst is replaced only after complete deactivation, then maintenance cost is reduced, but the inerting system reliability drops and combustion risk increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemaintenance costVSAvoidcombustion prevention
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The temperature sensor provides continuous feedback on catalyst activity by monitoring temperature changes during operation. When the sensor detects temperature deviations indicating deactivation, it triggers maintenance scheduling. This feedback loop enables replacement at the optimal moment - before complete deactivation compromises safety, but without unnecessary early replacements, optimizing both cost and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution allows for timely maintenance and regeneration of the catalyst, ensuring the continuous production of inert gas and prevention of combustion risks within the fuel tank by accurately monitoring catalyst activity and scheduling replacement before complete deactivation occurs.

Implementation Method 1

A temperature sensor is located within the catalytic reactor at a location between the inlet and outlet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature measurement:

Implementation Method 2

a catalytic reactor comprising an inlet, an outlet, a reactive flow path between the inlet and the outlet, a catalyst on the reactive flow path

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 3

tracking temperature changes along the flow path, enabling scheduled maintenance and regeneration or replacement

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExothermic reaction: Exothermic Reaction

Data Source

PatentEP3663208B1Catalyst deactivation monitoring of catalytic inerting system
Publication Date: 2021.11.17 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3663208B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3663208B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3663208B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5

AI summary

A fuel tank inerting system including: a catalytic reactor (222) comprising an inlet, an outlet, a reactive flow path between the inlet and the outlet, a catalyst on the reactive flow path, and a temperature sensor located between the inlet and outlet, wherein the catalytic reactor is arranged to receive fuel from a fuel source and air from an air source that are mixed to form a combined flow, and to react the combined flow along the reactive flow path to generate an inert gas.