Catalyzed Oxidative Dye Composition Without Aromatic Amines
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hair and textile dye systems pose health risks due to the use of toxic aromatic amines and non-sustainable materials, and they rely on alkaline agents like ammonia, which is undesirable.
Innovation Solution
A multi-component dye system comprising a dye precursor, an oxidizing agent, and a metal-containing catalyst, specifically using inorganic metal compounds like zirconium and naturally occurring phenolic compounds, which eliminates the need for ammonia and reduces toxicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If aromatic amines and traditional oxidative hair colorants are used, then intense and long-lasting coloration is achieved, but significant health risks including carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and allergic reactions occur
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the harmful aromatic amine components from traditional hair dye formulations while retaining the essential coloration function through the use of aromatic compounds and phenolic compounds that do not possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces an intermediary catalytic system comprising metal complexes (such as titanium, zirconium, or hafnium complexes with beta-diketonate ligands) that mediates the oxidation reaction between colorless precursors and couplers, enabling the dyeing process to proceed without requiring traditional harmful aromatic amines
2Ease of operation
If ammonia and alkaline agents are used to raise the hair cuticle, then dye precursor penetration is improved, but the system becomes less desirable due to toxicity and environmental concerns
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the pH parameters and chemical nature of the alkaline agents used, replacing traditional ammonia with milder alkaline substances such as alkali metal hydroxides or organic bases that can still raise the hair cuticle effectively while reducing toxicity and environmental harm
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs readily available, non-toxic alkaline agents that can be easily applied and rinsed off, replacing persistent harmful substances with temporary, benign alternatives that achieve the same cuticle-raising effect without long-term health concerns
3Duration of action of stationary object
If traditional oxidative hair coloration systems are used, then permanent coloration lasting at least 24 shampoos is achieved, but the system relies on suspect carcinogenic compounds that may be banned in the foreseeable future
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the problematic aromatic amine intermediates from the dyeing system while maintaining the permanent coloration effect through alternative colorless precursors and couplers that react via oxidation to form stable colored products within the hair structure
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite dyeing system combining colorless precursors, couplers, metal complex catalysts, and alkaline agents that work synergistically to achieve permanent coloration without relying on any single suspect compound, thereby ensuring regulatory stability and long-term viability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides intense, long-lasting colors on hair and textiles while minimizing health hazards and environmental impact, using hydrogen peroxide as a preferred oxidizing agent and achieving effective coloration at ambient temperatures.
Implementation Method 1
a catalyst, wherein said catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst or a heterogeneous catalyst and comprises at least one metal-containing compound
Implementation Method 2
an oxidising agent... these colorants usually last at least 24 shampoos. Permanent oxidative hair coloration typically involves three components... (c) an oxidant, which is almost always hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Implementation Method 3
This system relies on the diffusion of uncoloured precursors into the hair where they undergo oxidation reactions to produce the desired colour in situ
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention is concerned with a dye system for application to a substrate, the dye system comprising: (a) at least one dye precursor; (b) an oxidising agent; and (c) a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst or a heterogeneous catalyst. Preferably, the catalyst comprises at least one metal-containing compound. The invention also envisages a method for the coloration of a substrate, the method comprising treating the substrate with the dye system of the invention. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the substrate comprises human hair, natural or synthetic polymers, or textile fibres. In further preferred embodiments, the at least one dye precursor is an organic precursor, the at least one metal derivative for use as a catalyst comprises at least one inorganic metal compound or at least one metal complex comprising at least one organic ligand, and the oxidising agent is hydrogen peroxide.