Catechol Electrochromic Matrix for Low-Voltage Permanent Color Change

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

There is a scarcity of sustainable and economically advantageous irreversible organic electrochromic materials that can change color irreversibly upon application of a low voltage, which are essential for applications like smart labels and tags, especially in the food and pharmaceutical supply chains, where precise monitoring of product quality is critical.

Innovation Solution

Development of an irreversible electrochromic device using a metal-free catechol-based molecule, such as dopamine, which irreversibly changes its properties upon application of a potential less than 3 V, integrated with an antioxidant to prevent spontaneous oxidation, and manufactured using low-cost, high-volume processing methods.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If reversible electrochromic materials are used, then the device can be reset and reused, but irreversible materials are needed for static information display applications like labels and tags

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereusabilityVSAvoidpermanent display capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent inverts the conventional reversible electrochromic approach by employing irreversible electrochromic materials. Instead of using materials that can cycle between states, the invention uses materials that permanently transition from a colored to a bleached state, which is the opposite of typical reversible behavior. This inversion enables permanent information display for applications like labels and tags where reset capability is not needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Reliability

If inorganic electrochromic materials are used, then the device has good stability, but organic materials provide broader color palette and faster response times

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovestabilityVSAvoidcolor palette and response time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs organic electrochromic materials, specifically viologens and other organic compounds, which combine the advantages of both inorganic and organic material classes. These organic materials provide a broader color palette and faster response times compared to inorganic materials, while maintaining sufficient stability for permanent display applications through careful material selection and device design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Ease of manufacture

If high-volume processing methods are used, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but material quality and precision may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidmaterial quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent is designed for disposable or single-use applications such as labels, tags, and tickets. The device is optimized for low-cost manufacturing using high-volume processing methods, accepting that the device will not be reused. This approach prioritizes manufacturing efficiency and cost reduction over long-term durability and precision, which is appropriate for single-use information display applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The device provides a persistent, visually recognizable color change without requiring further energy input, suitable for long-term use in tags and labels, ensuring product quality monitoring and reducing environmental impact.

Implementation Method 1

Electrochromism is the visible change in transmittance and/or reflectance of a material, associated with an electrochemically induced oxidation-reduction reaction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochromism: Electrochromism

Implementation Method 2

The color change is commonly between a transparent ('bleached') state and a colored state, or between two colored states. This optical change is usually obtained upon application of a small electric current generated by low potentials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation-reduction reaction: Redox Reactions

Data Source

PatentEP4500274B1Irreversible organic electrochromic materials
Publication Date: 2026.01.14 UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA
  • EP4500274B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4500274B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B
  • EP4500274B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6

AI summary

The present invention relates to novel organic (i.e., metal-free) catechol-based irreversible electrochromic matrix, wherein a catechol-based molecule irreversibly changes its properties upon application of an electrically-induced stimulus. The invention further relates to the production of irreversible electrochromic devices comprising a repository containing the catechol-based molecule, to the manufacture of said electrochromic devices and to the use thereof.