Catoptric Imaging System for UV Inspection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Optical inspection systems for integrated circuits face challenges in achieving high throughput and sensitivity due to limitations in refractive optics, which suffer from chromatic aberrations and poor image quality at high numerical apertures, especially in the ultraviolet range.

Innovation Solution

A three-reflector, all-reflective catoptric imaging system with concave and convex aspherical surfaces is used, eliminating refractive elements and chromatic aberrations, allowing for a broad numerical aperture and high resolution, while maintaining compactness and wavelength insensitivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If refractive (glass) elements are used in ultraviolet optical systems, then the system can be simpler in structure, but chromatic aberrations occur and image quality deteriorates at high numerical apertures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical system structureVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes refractive glass elements from the optical system entirely, extracting the problematic component that causes chromatic aberrations. The system uses only reflective elements (mirrors and beam splitters) to guide and focus ultraviolet light, eliminating material absorption and dispersion issues inherent in glass optics at UV wavelengths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes refractive optics (based on material refraction properties) with catoptric optics (based on reflective properties). This replacement uses the law of reflection instead of Snell's law, avoiding chromatic aberrations since reflection is wavelength-independent. The mechanical arrangement of mirrors replaces the optical function of glass lenses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If high numerical aperture optics are used to increase resolution, then the optical resolution improves, but chromatic aberrations and image quality degradation worsen with refractive elements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical resolutionVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces refractive optics with reflective optics to achieve high numerical aperture without chromatic aberrations. The catoptric design uses precisely positioned mirrors to focus UV light at high NA, maintaining image quality because reflection does not disperse different wavelengths differently as refraction does.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental optical parameter from refraction index-based focusing to reflection-based focusing. This parameter change allows the system to operate at high numerical apertures with UV light without suffering from the wavelength-dependent refraction that plagues glass optics in the ultraviolet range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If catadioptric systems are used to correct chromatic aberrations, then some correction is achieved within a small bandwidth, but the system complexity increases and the bandwidth remains limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechromatic aberration correctionVSAvoidoptical system structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent takes out the refractive elements that cause chromatic aberrations in the first place, rather than attempting to correct them with additional optical components. This extraction approach is simpler than catadioptric systems because it eliminates the root cause rather than compensating for it.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes the catadioptric approach (combining refraction and reflection) with a purely catoptric system (reflection only). This substitution achieves complete chromatic aberration correction without the complexity of correcting for partial chromatic effects, and works across the entire UV bandwidth rather than a limited range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Productivity

If pulsed ultraviolet lasers are used to achieve high power and throughput, then the inspection throughput and sensitivity improve, but the wavelength bandwidth becomes wider causing chromatic aberrations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinspection throughputVSAvoidwavelength precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces refractive optics with reflective optics to handle the wide bandwidth UV laser light. Since reflection is independent of wavelength, the system can accommodate the broader spectral output of pulsed UV lasers without suffering from chromatic aberrations, thereby maintaining both high throughput and precise imaging.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves high resolution and compactness, reducing chromatic aberrations and central obscuration, enabling efficient ultraviolet optical inspection with improved sensitivity and throughput.

Implementation Method 1

a back-plane reflector having a concave aspherical reflecting surface... a fore-plane reflector having a concave aspherical reflecting surface... and a central reflector having a convex aspherical reflecting surface for receiving light from the fore-plane reflector and discharging the light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentUS8223443B2Collection optics
Publication Date: 2012.07.17 KLA CORP

AI summary

An imaging system including a back-plane reflector having a concave aspherical reflecting surface and an outer diameter that is no greater than a first distance, with an aperture formed in the back-plane reflector, the aperture for admitting light from a field of view to the imaging system, a fore-plane reflector having a concave aspherical reflecting surface and an outer diameter that is no greater than the first distance, with an aperture formed in the fore-plane reflector, the aperture for discharging the light from the imaging system to an image plane, and a central reflector having a convex aspherical reflecting surface for receiving light from the fore-plane reflector and discharging the light from the imaging system through the aperture in the fore-plane reflector.