CD Marker Prognostic Score for Multiple Myeloma Risk Stratification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for predicting the outcome and treatment response of multiple myeloma are limited by the heterogeneity of the disease and the variability in patient responses to existing treatments, particularly in elderly and frail patients, where established regimens show reduced efficacy.
Innovation Solution
The use of a combination of CD24, CD27, CD36, and CD302 markers to predict the outcome of multiple myeloma through measuring their expression levels, which allows for the calculation of a prognostic score indicative of overall survival and treatment response, enabling personalized treatment approaches.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional treatment regimens (VMP or MPT) are used in elderly and frail patients, then treatment coverage is provided, but efficacy is reduced and tolerability worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments patients into distinct risk groups (standard risk, intermediate risk, high risk) based on CD marker expression profiles. This segmentation allows for tailored treatment approaches where standard-risk patients can receive intensive therapy with high efficacy, while high-risk patients receive optimized therapy that balances efficacy and tolerability, thus resolving the contradiction between treatment efficacy and tolerability in elderly/frail populations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of treatment selection from conventional cytogenetic risk markers to CD marker expression levels (CD24, CD27, CD36, CD302). This parameter change enables more precise prediction of treatment response and survival outcomes, allowing clinicians to adjust treatment intensity and composition based on molecular profile, thereby improving both efficacy and tolerability appropriately for each patient subgroup.
2Measurement precision
If conventional cytogenetic risk markers are used for patient stratification, then existing classification systems are maintained, but prognostic precision is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the CD marker panel universal by designing it to work across all patient populations and treatment contexts. The same four markers (CD24, CD27, CD36, CD302) can be used for initial risk stratification, treatment response prediction, and outcome monitoring, replacing multiple different conventional markers and simplifying the overall classification approach while maintaining or improving prognostic precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from using conventional cytogenetic parameters (chromosomal abnormalities) to measuring CD marker expression levels on the cell surface. This parameter change provides more precise and consistent prognostic information that is not affected by technical variations in cytogenetic analysis, thereby improving measurement precision without significantly increasing system complexity.
3Adaptability or versatility
If homogeneous treatment approaches are applied to all patients, then treatment simplicity is maintained, but individualized prognosis prediction is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the patient population into three distinct risk groups (standard, intermediate, high) based on the number and intensity of CD markers with reduced expression. This segmentation creates clear, actionable categories that guide personalized treatment decisions while maintaining relative simplicity in implementation through a straightforward scoring system based on marker expression levels.
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to the use of an expression level value of each of the four markers selected in a group consisting of CD24, CD27, CD36 and CD302 in a sample obtained from an individual affected with a multiple myeloma for predicting an outcome of a multiple myeloma in the said individual.