Cell Binding Peptides for Bladder and Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current diagnostic methods for bladder and thyroid cancers, such as urine cytology and fine-needle aspiration cytology, are often confounded by the presence of red blood cells and inflammatory cells, leading to non-diagnostic results and unnecessary procedures due to inefficient capture and isolation of urothelial and follicular cells.
Innovation Solution
The use of cell binding peptides that selectively bind to urothelial and follicular cells, allowing for their capture and isolation from mixed cell populations while excluding red blood cells and white blood cells, using peptides with specific sequences or their variants with at least 70% sequence identity, attached to supports like glass slides or beads.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If standard glass slide-based cytology methods are used, then the diagnostic process is simple and non-invasive, but the presence of red blood cells and inflammatory cells confounds the results leading to non-diagnostic outcomes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces cell-binding peptides as intermediary molecules that specifically bind to target cells (urothelial and follicular cells) while excluding red blood cells and inflammatory cells. These peptides are attached to glass slides or magnetic beads, creating a selective capture system that enriches target cells without requiring complex processing procedures.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different functional properties to different regions or components of the diagnostic system. Specifically, the glass slides or beads are functionalized with specific cell-binding peptides that have selective affinity for target cells, creating localized binding sites that differentiate target cells from non-target cells in the sample.
2Productivity
If expensive and time-consuming processing methods are used to concentrate urothelial cells and remove obscuring cell types, then cell capture efficiency improves, but the process becomes expensive, time-consuming, and disruptive to cell phenotype
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the necessary target cells (urothelial and follicular cells) from the complex biological sample by using cell-binding peptides that specifically recognize and bind to these cells. This selective extraction eliminates the need for time-consuming separation procedures to remove non-target cells, as the peptides naturally exclude red blood cells and inflammatory cells through specific binding affinity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses synthetic cell-binding peptides that replicate the specific binding properties of natural cell surface receptors or ligands. These peptide sequences are designed to mimic the molecular interactions that occur in physiological conditions, allowing for selective cell capture without requiring complex mechanical or chemical separation processes.
3Reliability
If fine-needle aspiration cytology is performed, then thyroid nodule evaluation is possible, but hemorrhaging dilutes the aspirate with blood cells leading to suboptimal slide preparations and nondiagnostic outcomes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful effect of blood cells in the aspirate into a beneficial outcome by using cell-binding peptides that specifically bind to thyroid follicular cells while ignoring red blood cells. The presence of blood cells no longer interferes with diagnosis because the peptide-based capture system selectively enriches target cells even in heavily blood-contaminated samples.
4Measurement precision
If additional diagnostic tests like immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridization are performed, then indeterminate cases can be resolved, but the cost and complexity increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary enrichment of target cells using cell-binding peptides before conducting any additional diagnostic tests. By pre-concentrating and purifying the target cells in the initial sample preparation step, the need for subsequent expensive and complex ancillary tests is reduced, as the enriched samples provide sufficient material and clarity for accurate diagnosis.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the efficiency of cell capture and isolation, reducing the need for repeat testing and unnecessary procedures by providing a robust method for enriching target cells, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing costs.
Implementation Method 1
cell binding peptides that selectively bind to urothelial and follicular cells, allowing for their capture and isolation from mixed cell populations
Data Source
AI summary
Cell binding peptides are provided for binding to cells including urothelial and thyroid follicular cells. The peptides are useful for detection and diagnosis of cancer including bladder and thyroid cancer. A device and method for using the device for capturing cells is provided, the device includes a support having attached cell binding peptide. The support can be a slide and the device can be used for detection and diagnosis of cancer including bladder and thyroid cancer. A kit is provided with instructions for capturing cells and a support with attached cell binding peptide for detection and diagnosis of bladder and thyroid cancer.