Cell-Mounted ASIC for Battery Sensing and Lithium Plating Prevention
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion battery cells in electric vehicles are prone to metallic lithium plating during fast charging and low temperatures, leading to cell degradation and potential failure, as existing data collection systems do not provide comprehensive and real-time monitoring of individual battery cell conditions.
Innovation Solution
A cell-mounted application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) system is installed in each battery cell, drawing power directly from the cell and incorporating sensors like temperature and strain gauges, which communicate data wirelessly to control units, managing sensor operations and maintaining reproducible measurements to prevent lithium plating by monitoring temperature and charging rates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If fast charging is performed to improve charging speed, then productivity is improved, but lithium plating occurs causing cell degradation and reliability deterioration
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary assessment of cell conditions (temperature, voltage, impedance) before initiating fast charging. The ASIC continuously monitors cell state and predicts potential plating risks, allowing the control system to adjust charging parameters in advance to prevent degradation while enabling fast charging when conditions are favorable.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a closed-loop feedback system where the ASIC continuously monitors cell voltage, temperature, and impedance during charging. This real-time feedback allows the control system to dynamically adjust charging current and detect early signs of lithium plating, correcting charging parameters to prevent cell degradation while maintaining high charging speeds.
2Measurement precision
If cell-mounted ASICs are installed in each battery cell to improve monitoring precision, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The ASIC is designed as a multi-functional integrated circuit that performs multiple tasks: sensing cell voltage, temperature, and impedance; managing sensor operations; wireless communication with the battery management system; and local data processing. This consolidation of multiple functions into a single device achieves precise cell-level monitoring while minimizing the increase in system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The ASIC is powered directly from the battery cell it monitors, eliminating the need for separate power distribution infrastructure. The device autonomously manages its own operation, including sensor power control, data acquisition, and wireless transmission, reducing overall system complexity while enabling precise individual cell monitoring.
Data Source
AI summary
A cell-mounted application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) system for a vehicle includes a battery pack having multiple individual battery cells. An individual cell-mounted application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is in communication with each of the individual battery cells, with the ASIC drawing power for operation directly from the individual battery cell. A battery control unit is in communication with the ASIC. A central electronics control unit is in communication with the ASIC. The ASIC communicates wirelessly with the battery control unit and the central electronics control unit.