Battery Module Gas Venting Structure for Adjacent Cell Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Large-capacity battery modules face issues with high-temperature gases or flames generated from one battery cell causing thermal runaway, which can spread to adjacent cells, leading to a cascading effect.
Innovation Solution
A battery module structure featuring a venting guide member with guide parts and openings to direct gas away from the cell stack through venting holes, using a simple folding process of a plate material to form notches that guide gas flow safely outside.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If battery cells are stacked closely to increase capacity, then energy density is improved, but thermal runaway can spread to adjacent cells
Solution Approach 1:
The space between battery cells is segmented into separate chambers using partition walls. Each battery cell is isolated in its own chamber, preventing thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent cells while maintaining high cell density for increased capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
Partition walls act as intermediary structures between adjacent battery cells. These walls create physical separation and isolation, serving as a barrier that prevents the propagation of heat and flame while allowing the battery module to maintain high energy density.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If venting holes are provided in the housing, then gas discharge is improved, but high-temperature gas can affect other battery cells
Solution Approach 1:
The venting system is segmented with each battery cell chamber having its own dedicated venting hole and guide structure. This ensures that gas from thermal runaway is discharged through a controlled path specific to that cell, preventing it from affecting other cells while maintaining effective venting capability.
Solution Approach 2:
Gas guide structures act as intermediaries that direct the flow of high-temperature gas away from adjacent battery cells. These guides channel the gas through designated paths toward external venting holes, preventing the gas from spreading to other cells while ensuring effective discharge.
3Reliability
If a complex venting structure is used to guide gas flow, then thermal safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The partition walls that provide structural separation between cells are merged with the venting function by incorporating venting holes and gas guide structures directly into them. This integration achieves effective thermal safety and gas flow control without adding separate complex venting components.
Solution Approach 2:
The partition walls serve multiple functions: they provide structural separation between battery cells, act as barriers against thermal runaway propagation, and incorporate venting holes and gas guides for controlled gas discharge. This multi-functionality reduces overall device complexity while maintaining thermal safety.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Prevents high-temperature gases from spreading to adjacent cells, guiding the gas flow direction effectively and ensuring safe discharge, thereby preventing chain reactions and thermal runaway.
Implementation Method 1
a venting guide member configured to guide gas generated in the cell stack to flow toward the one or more venting holes
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided is a battery module comprising: a cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a housing which accommodates the cell stack and has one or more venting holes provided therein; and a venting guide member which guides gas generated in the cell stack to flow in a direction toward the one or more venting holes, wherein the venting guide member comprises a body part which is disposed between the venting holes and the cell stack and has a plurality of openings provided therein, and a plurality of guide parts which are disposed between the body part and the cell stack and are in contact with the surface of the cell stack.