Electrochemical Cell Stack Housing Fluid Channel Sealing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrochemical energy conversion devices face challenges in sealing fluid supply channels, leading to gas leakage between the anode and cathode, which complicates the manufacturing process and reduces efficiency.

Innovation Solution

The fluid channels are routed alongside the cell stack rather than through it, with sealing elements forming a concavely curved surface to enhance sealing efficiency, allowing for optimal compression pressure and reduced seal usage, and the cell stack is housed within a pressure-resistant enclosure with integrated fluid and cooling channels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If fluid channels are routed through the cell stack, then fluid supply to electrochemical cells is achieved, but sealing complexity increases and gas leakage occurs between anode and cathode

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesealing complexityVSAvoidfluid channel integration
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The device is divided into separate functional components: the cell stack for electrochemical reactions and the housing with integrated fluid channels for fluid distribution. This segmentation eliminates the need to route fluid channels through the cell stack, reducing sealing complexity and gas leakage risks while maintaining effective fluid supply to all cells.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The housing acts as an intermediary structure that provides fluid distribution to the cell stack without requiring direct fluid channel integration into the cells. The housing contains the fluid channels and interfaces with the cell stack through simplified sealing surfaces, mediating between fluid supply and electrochemical cells.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If multiple seals are used in the cell stack to prevent gas leakage, then sealing reliability improves, but manufacturing complexity and compression pressure requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesealing reliabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The sealing function is extracted from the cell stack and relocated to the housing structure. The housing provides the sealing surfaces and contains the fluid channels, eliminating the need for multiple seals within the cell stack while maintaining sealing reliability through the housing's structural design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The sealing approach transitions from internal seals within the cell stack to external sealing at the housing-cell stack interface. This dimensional shift moves the sealing problem to a different location and scale, simplifying manufacturing while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Reliability

If compression pressure on the cell stack is increased to improve sealing, then sealing effectiveness improves, but optimal membrane-electrode assembly performance is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesealing effectivenessVSAvoidmembrane-electrode assembly performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The sealing function is extracted from the cell stack and implemented in the housing structure. This allows sealing effectiveness to be achieved through the housing's design rather than through high compression pressure on the membrane-electrode assembly, preserving optimal performance while ensuring gas-tight sealing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Productivity

If fluid channels are integrated into bipolar plates, then fluid distribution is achieved, but the number of seals required increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefluid distribution efficiencyVSAvoidnumber of seals
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The fluid channel function is merged with the housing structure rather than being integrated into each bipolar plate. The housing serves as a common fluid distribution system for the entire cell stack, eliminating the need for individual fluid channels and seals in each cell while maintaining efficient fluid distribution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration simplifies the manufacturing process, enhances sealing efficiency, and allows for optimal operation under high pressures, improving the overall efficiency and power density of the electrochemical energy conversion device.

Implementation Method 1

the at least one sealing element defines a concavely curved sealing surface pointing in the direction of the fluid channel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid pressure: Pressure Increase

Data Source

PatentEP3621139B1Electrochemical energy conversion apparatus
Publication Date: 2021.04.21 DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FÜR LUFT UND RAUMFAHRT E V
  • EP3621139B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3621139B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3621139B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

To improve an electrochemical energy conversion device (10) comprising at least two electrochemical cells stacked on top of each other to form a cell stack (16) defining a longitudinal axis (14), wherein at least two fluid channels (18, 20, 22, 24) running parallel to the longitudinal axis are provided for supplying and removing fluids to and from the at least two electrochemical cells, in such a way that, in particular, the manufacture of an electrochemical energy conversion device can be simplified and, in particular, the efficiency of its operation can be increased, it is proposed that the cell stack (16) be arranged in a housing (26) and that the at least two fluid channels (18, 20, 22, 24) be bounded at least partially by the cell stack (16) and at least partially by the housing (26), e.g.by means of a sealing element (64) between a longitudinal edge (56) of the stack (16), which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis (14) of the cell stack (16), and the housing wall (84).