Compartmented Battery Cell Stack Venting for Secondary Ignition Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery devices are prone to secondary ignition or explosions due to the transfer of heat or flames between cell stacks, posing a safety risk in applications like electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.
Innovation Solution
The battery device incorporates a case with strategically positioned venting holes and barrier members to compartmentalize cells, along with fire-resistant materials and protective sheets, to manage and discharge gases and flames safely, preventing the spread of explosions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If battery cells are stacked closely to increase energy density, then productivity and space utilization are improved, but heat transfer and flame spread between cells increase, worsening safety
Solution Approach 1:
The battery device is segmented into multiple compartments using barrier members that divide the cell stack into isolated sections. Each compartment contains one or more battery cells and is separated from adjacent compartments by heat-resistant barrier members, preventing flame and heat transfer between cells while maintaining high energy density through compact stacking
Solution Approach 2:
Fire-resistant barrier members and protective sheets act as intermediary elements between adjacent battery cells. These intermediaries include ceramic-coated barrier members, fire-resistant foams, and mica sheets that physically separate cells while withstanding high temperatures, thereby preventing direct flame contact and heat transfer between neighboring cells
2Reliability
If venting holes are added to discharge gases and flames, then safety is improved by preventing explosions, but device complexity increases due to additional structural components
Solution Approach 1:
The venting function is merged with the existing case structure by forming venting holes directly in the case body and upper plate. The case serves dual purposes as both protective enclosure and pressure relief structure, eliminating the need for separate venting components and reducing overall device complexity while maintaining explosion prevention capability
Solution Approach 2:
The case and upper plate are designed with multi-functionality, serving as both structural protective elements and pressure relief mechanisms. The venting holes in the case and upper plate enable gas discharge while the case simultaneously provides mechanical protection and structural support, reducing the need for additional dedicated safety components
3Reliability
If barrier members are placed between all battery cells to prevent flame spread, then safety is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The cell stack is segmented into compartments by barrier members positioned between adjacent cells. This segmentation creates isolated sections that prevent flame and heat transfer while maintaining a relatively simple assembly process where barrier members can be inserted between pre-assembled cell groups rather than requiring complex integration with each individual cell
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration effectively suppresses the risk of secondary ignitions and explosions by quickly dispersing and discharging gases, minimizing the impact of high-temperature gases and flames, thereby enhancing safety and reducing the risk of damage in battery devices.
Implementation Method 1
The blocking member may include a fire-resistant foam pad or ceramic wool
Implementation Method 2
a cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked and a case for accommodating the cell stack therein, wherein the case may have a plurality of first venting holes formed in an upper plate covering an upper surface of the cell stack, and have a plurality of second venting holes formed in a side plate covering a first side surface of the cell stack
Implementation Method 3
the first protective sheet may include a fractured portion located in a portion of the first protective sheet corresponding to the first venting holes and fractured at a lower pressure than other portions of the first protective sheet
Implementation Method 4
a portion of the blocking member, in contact with the barrier members may be compressed and elastically deformed by the barrier members
Data Source
AI summary
A battery device is disclosed, the battery device may include: a cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; and a case accommodating the cell stack therein, wherein the case may have a plurality of first venting holes formed in an upper plate covering an upper surface of the cell stack, and have a plurality of second venting holes formed in a side plate covering a first side surface of the cell stack.