Battery Pack Safety Valve Layout for Molten Substance Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional battery pack designs fail to effectively prevent the spread of thermal runaway and have low safety performance due to the arrangement of explosion-proof ports, which can cause short circuits and affect adjacent cells.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design featuring a safety valve with a unidirectional explosion-proof structure, where the safety valve only opens during thermal runaway in a specific cell, and a cooling mechanism with accommodation pipelines to collect and manage molten substances, reducing the risk of splashing and improving safety by containing the molten substance and enhancing space utilization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the explosion-proof port is arranged between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, then the pressure relief function is achieved, but the discharged molten substance affects the electrode terminals causing short circuit risks
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into independent cell units, each with its own safety valve and molten substance collection chamber. This segmentation isolates the thermal runaway of individual cells, preventing spread to adjacent cells while maintaining pressure relief functionality for each cell independently.
Solution Approach 2:
A safety valve is introduced as an intermediary component between the cell interior and the external environment. This safety valve directs the discharged molten substance into a dedicated collection chamber, acting as a mediator that prevents direct contact between the molten substance and the electrode terminals.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the explosion-proof port position is kept away from the electrode terminals, then short circuit risks are reduced, but thermal runaway still spreads to adjacent cells
Solution Approach 1:
Each cell is equipped with its own safety valve and molten substance collection chamber, creating independent containment units. This segmentation ensures that thermal runaway in one cell is isolated and cannot spread to adjacent cells, improving thermal runaway containment while keeping the explosion-proof function away from electrode terminals.
Solution Approach 2:
The safety valve and collection chamber are pre-configured in each cell before thermal runaway occurs. When thermal runaway happens, the molten substance is immediately directed into the pre-positioned collection chamber, preventing spread to adjacent cells without needing to reposition the explosion-proof port.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents the spread of thermal runaway and improves safety performance by containing molten substances and enhancing space utilization within the battery pack, reducing the risk of short circuits and improving the overall reliability of the battery pack.
Implementation Method 1
the cooling mechanism is configured for supporting the second surface and cooling the cell
Implementation Method 2
the accommodation pipeline is configured for accommodating molten substance collected by the accommodation holes
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides a battery pack. The battery pack includes a battery pack box body and a plurality of cells, wherein the battery pack box body has an accommodation space, the plurality of cells are stacked in the accommodation space, and each cell of the plurality of cells has a safety valve, a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are located on a first surface of the cell, and the safety valve is located on a second surface of the cell; the battery pack box body further includes an accommodation pipeline and a cooling mechanism, wherein the accommodation pipeline and the cooling mechanism are both located in the accommodation space, the cooling mechanism is configured for supporting the second surface and cooling the cell, the accommodation pipeline is configured for accommodating molten substance collected by the accommodation holes.