Cellular Authentication Concealed Identifier Generation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current cellular communication systems, particularly 5G systems, face challenges in preventing linkability attacks where attackers can generate valid subscription concealed identifiers using a legitimate subscriber's permanent identifier and public key, compromising authentication security.

Innovation Solution

The solution involves generating a concealed identifier based on a subscription identifier and a long-term derivative, which includes a replay attack protector, and using a one-way function to create a cryptographically secure message authentication code, making it difficult for attackers to generate valid identifiers without the legitimate subscriber's long-term key.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a concealed identifier is generated using only the subscription identifier and public key, then the identifier can be generated by anyone with public information, but this compromises authentication security and enables linkability attacks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of identifier generationVSAvoidauthentication security
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a long-term derivative as an intermediary element that bridges the subscription long-term key and the concealed identifier generation. This derivative is computed using a key derivation function that incorporates the subscription long-term key and additional inputs (such as a replay attack protector and encryption scheme identifier), creating a secure intermediary that enables proper authentication while preventing linkability attacks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter space for identifier generation by introducing the long-term derivative as a new critical parameter. Instead of generating identifiers from static public information alone, the system uses the derived key material that changes based on the subscription key and additional inputs, thereby transforming the generation process into a secure cryptographic operation that prevents unauthorized generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If the subscription long-term key is stored in the subscription module, then authentication can be performed securely, but the key management complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication securityVSAvoidkey management complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the critical security function from storing the raw subscription long-term key in the subscription module. Instead of storing the key itself, the system stores only the subscription identifier and derives the long-term derivative locally during authentication. This extraction of the key material from storage eliminates the need for secure key storage mechanisms while maintaining authentication security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary key derivation by computing the long-term derivative using the subscription long-term key and additional inputs (replay attack protector, encryption scheme identifier) before the actual authentication occurs. This preliminary action prepares the derived key material in advance, allowing secure authentication without requiring the subscription module to store or manage the long-term key directly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If a replay attack protector is added to prevent replay attacks, then security against replay attacks improves, but the identifier structure and processing complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereplay attack protectionVSAvoididentifier structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent embeds the replay attack protector within the broader context of the key derivation process. The replay attack protector is used as an input to the key derivation function that computes the long-term derivative, which in turn is used to generate the concealed identifier and MAC tag. This nesting of the replay protection mechanism within the existing authentication flow integrates security functionality without significantly increasing structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Data Source

PatentEP4047969A1Enhancements for authentication in cellular communication networks
Publication Date: 2022.08.24 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP4047969A1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP4047969A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4047969A1 patent drawingFigure 4~6

AI summary

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, apparatus, and computer program for maintaining a subscription module, wherein the subscription module comprises a subscription identifier and a subscription long-term key; generating a long-term derivative from at least the subscription long-term key and a replay attack protector; and generating a concealed identifier based on at least the subscription identifier and the subscription long-term derivative.