Cellulose Fiber Formation Using Ionic Liquid Solvation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current cellulose fiber production processes, such as viscose and cuprammonium rayon, require chemical derivatization or complexation, leading to high costs and environmental concerns due to the use of hazardous chemicals and complex regeneration processes, while existing lyocell processes face issues with solvent degradation and expensive high-alpha pulps.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids, followed by regeneration and spinning into fibers using processes like meltblowing, without the need for chemical derivatization, utilizing low-alpha pulps with high hemicellulose content and lower transition metal and lignin levels, and using water as a non-solvent for regeneration to minimize environmental impact.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If chemical derivatization or complexation is used to dissolve cellulose (viscose or cuprammonium rayon processes), then cellulose solubility is improved, but production cost increases and environmental harm worsens due to hazardous chemicals and complex regeneration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecellulose solubilityVSAvoidenvironmental harm and production cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of the solvent system by using ionic liquids instead of traditional chemical derivatives. This parameter change allows cellulose to dissolve without chemical derivatization, eliminating the need for hazardous reagents like carbon disulfide and complex regeneration chemicals while maintaining solubility and enabling fiber formation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

Ionic liquids serve as an intermediary substance that facilitates cellulose dissolution and fiber formation without requiring chemical derivatization. The ionic liquid acts as a mediating solvent that can be removed or regenerated, avoiding the permanent chemical modification and complex regeneration processes required in traditional methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Quantity of substance

If high-alpha pulps are used in lyocell processes, then cellulose purity is improved, but production cost increases due to expensive pulp preparation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecellulose purityVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the solvent parameter to ionic liquids, which have the unique capability to dissolve cellulose from lower-alpha pulps effectively. This parameter change in the solvent system removes the requirement for expensive high-alpha pulp preparation, allowing the use of more economical pulp sources while maintaining fiber quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If traditional spinning processes are used, then fiber formation is achieved, but process complexity increases and environmental impact worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefiber formation capabilityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and eliminates the complex derivatization and regeneration steps from the traditional spinning process. By using ionic liquids, the process is simplified to direct dissolution, spinning, and solvent removal, taking out the unnecessary intermediate chemical steps while maintaining fiber formation capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces production costs, minimizes environmental impact, and avoids the use of hazardous chemicals, enabling the production of cellulose fibers with desirable properties such as smooth surfaces and broad molecular weight distribution, suitable for nonwoven textiles.

Implementation Method 1

dissolving cellulose in an ionic liquid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolvation: Solvation

Implementation Method 2

regenerating the fibers in a non solvent

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPrecipitation: Precipitation

Data Source

PatentEP1980653B1Method for forming solutions of cellulose in ionic liquids and forming fibres from the sloution.
Publication Date: 2021.06.02 WEYERHAEUSER CO
  • EP1980653B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP1980653B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP1980653B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present application is directed to a process of dissolving cellulose in an ionic liquid, regenerating the fibers and forming a nonwoven web. In particular it is directed to fibers produced from cellulose dissolved in ionic solvents and extruded by the meltblowing process. Bonded nonwoven webs can be obtained in the process.