Programmable Center-Tap Capacitance for Wideband PA Harmonics

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Solution Overview

Problem

Wideband power amplifiers face challenges in minimizing second harmonic signals across a broad frequency range, which can lead to signal distortion and reduced amplifier fidelity.

Innovation Solution

The proposed solution involves a power amplifier circuit with a programmable decoupling capacitor that adjusts the center-tap impedance, effectively reducing second harmonic signals by at least 10 dBm across a frequency range of 1 MHz to 19 GHz.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a wideband power amplifier operates across a broad frequency range, then versatility and coverage are improved, but second harmonic signals increase causing signal distortion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency range coverageVSAvoidsecond harmonic signals
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A programmable decoupling capacitor is introduced as an intermediary element between the power amplifier stages. This capacitor acts as a mediator to control and reduce second harmonic signals across the wide frequency range, allowing the amplifier to maintain versatility while suppressing harmful harmonics through adjustable capacitance values.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a programmable decoupling capacitor with adjustable capacitance parameters to dynamically control second harmonic suppression. By changing the capacitance parameter based on operating frequency, the system maintains effective harmonic control across the broad frequency spectrum while preserving amplifier versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If second harmonic signals are reduced to improve signal integrity, then linearity is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal integrityVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The programmable decoupling capacitor serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a decoupling element for power supply stabilization, a harmonic suppression component for second order intermodulation reduction, and a tuning element for impedance matching. This multi-functionality allows the single component to improve signal integrity without proportionally increasing circuit complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Object-generated harmful factors

If a programmable decoupling capacitor is used to control second harmonic, then harmonic suppression is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecond harmonic levelVSAvoidprogrammable capacitor complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The programmable decoupling capacitor utilizes adjustable capacitance parameters to effectively suppress second harmonic signals across different frequency ranges. By programmatically changing the capacitance value, the system achieves superior harmonic control while the complexity is managed through digital control mechanisms that can be integrated into existing amplifier control architectures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP4518153A1Method and apparatus for controlling second harmonic of power amplifier in wide frequency range
Publication Date: 2025.03.05 AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL SALES PTE LTD
  • EP4518153A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4518153A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4518153A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A power amplifier includes a first circuit comprising a first transistor (111) and a second transistor (112) coupled respectively to a third transistor (113) and a fourth transistor (114). The power amplifier includes a second circuit comprising a transformer having a first winding (141) and a second winding (142). The first winding (141) comprises a first terminal coupled to the third transistor (113) and a second terminal coupled to the fourth transistor (114) to receive a differential voltage signal from the first circuit. The second winding (142) comprises a first terminal being grounded and a second terminal serving as an output terminal (150). The power amplifier circuit includes a third circuit comprising a programmable capacitor (101) from a midpoint (140) of the first winding (141) to a common node (131) that is coupled to ground. The programmable capacitor (101) is tunable to reduce second harmonic seen at the output terminal.