Inspection Scope Cepstral Analysis for Metallic Defect Screening

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing non-destructive inspection methods for internal defects in components are limited in their ability to distinguish between component-to-component variability and actual defects, often leading to false positives or negatives.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of a transducer to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals, processing these signals into phase and magnitude spectra, and applying cepstral analysis to determine the presence of defects by analyzing frequency shifts and harmonic components, utilizing a database of acceptable signal responses for comparison.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional non-destructive inspection methods are used to detect internal defects, then inspection coverage is achieved, but the ability to distinguish between component variability and actual defects is limited, leading to false positives or negatives

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection accuracyVSAvoidfalse positive rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The inspection method segments the defect detection process into multiple analytical stages: initial signal acquisition, cepstral analysis for frequency identification, and comparative evaluation against control data. This segmentation allows each stage to focus on specific aspects of defect characterization, improving overall detection accuracy while reducing false positives through progressive filtering of ambiguous signals.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The method performs preliminary cepstral analysis on inspection signals to extract characteristic frequency patterns before comparing them against control component data. This preliminary processing establishes a baseline understanding of the component's natural frequency variations, enabling more accurate distinction between benign variability and actual defects in subsequent comparison stages.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If detailed signal processing and analysis are performed to improve defect detection accuracy, then measurement precision increases, but inspection time and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection accuracyVSAvoidinspection time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The method extracts only the most diagnostically relevant features from the full inspection signal through cepstral analysis - specifically the frequency spectrum and dominant harmonic components. By taking out and focusing on these key characteristics rather than analyzing the entire signal in detail, the method achieves high detection accuracy while minimizing processing time and computational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The analysis transforms the inspection signal from the time domain to the frequency domain through cepstral analysis, changing the parameter representation to make defect characteristics more distinguishable. This parameter transformation allows rapid identification of defect-related frequency patterns without requiring extensive analysis of the original time-domain signal, thus improving accuracy without proportionally increasing inspection time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances the accuracy of defect detection by differentiating between component variability and actual defects, allowing for reliable inspection with minimal downtime and cost, even in complex environments like aircraft powerplants.

Implementation Method 1

using a transducer to transmit a first signal into a component comprising a solid metallic material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic wave transmission: Ultrasound

Implementation Method 2

using the transducer to sense the component for a second signal produced as a result of the first signal being transmitted into the component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic wave reflection: Echo

Data Source

PatentEP4647764A1Method for inspecting a powerplant component using an inspection scope
Publication Date: 2025.11.12 RTX CORP
  • EP4647764A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4647764A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4647764A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method of inspecting a component (22) is provided that includes: using a transducer to transmit a first signal into a component (22) comprising a solid metallic material; using the transducer (32) to sense the component (22) for a second signal produced as a result of the first signal being transmitted into the component (22), and produce a response signal representative of the second signal; processing the response signal received from the transducer (32), the processing including decomposing the response signal into a phase spectrum and a magnitude spectrum; and using the phase spectrum and the magnitude spectrum to determine a presence or an absence of a defect in the solid metallic material of the component (22).