Ceramic Airfoil Trailing Edge Cooling via CMC Liner and Pedestals

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge in designing airfoils for gas turbine engines is to create a thin, strong, and efficiently cooled trailing edge that can withstand high temperatures and heat fluxes, while maintaining structural integrity and aerodynamic performance.

Innovation Solution

The airfoil features a trailing edge region with monolithic ceramic exterior walls, a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) liner, and an array of pedestals that bridge the liner and the exterior walls, forming a flow discharge passage with metering orifices to enhance cooling and structural support, allowing for effective heat transfer and mechanical strengthening.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Shape

If a thin trailing edge is designed to improve aerodynamic performance, then aerodynamic performance is improved, but structural strength deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrailing edge thicknessVSAvoidtrailing edge strength
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The trailing edge uses a composite structure combining monolithic ceramic exterior walls with a CMC liner material. This composite configuration provides both the thin profile needed for aerodynamic performance and the structural strength through the combined properties of the ceramic walls and CMC core, resolving the contradiction between thinness and strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Temperature

If cooling passages are added to improve cooling efficiency, then cooling efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrailing edge coolingVSAvoidtrailing edge structure
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling system is segmented into multiple independent cooling passages formed within the CMC liner material, allowing cooling fluid to flow through separate channels. This segmentation enables efficient cooling of different regions of the trailing edge while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure, as the passages are integrated into the liner rather than requiring external cooling components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration provides a thin, strong, and efficiently cooled trailing edge that maintains structural integrity and aerodynamic performance, facilitating high temperature operability with improved cooling and heat transfer, while minimizing pressure loss and enhancing convective heat transfer.

Implementation Method 1

an array of pedestals disposed in the flow discharge passage. Each pedestal bridges the CMC liner and at least one of the first and second monolithic ceramic exterior walls

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

Metering orifices are disposed where the first and second CMC liner walls meet. The metering orifices in the first monolithic ceramic exterior wall lead to the first sub-passage, and the metering orifices in the second monolithic ceramic exterior wall lead to the second sub-passage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure differential flow: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 3

This configuration provides a thin, strong, and efficiently cooled trailing edge that maintains structural integrity and aerodynamic performance, facilitating high temperature operability with improved cooling and heat transfer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3819466B1Ceramic airfoil trailing edge configuration
Publication Date: 2023.08.30 RTX CORP
  • EP3819466B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3819466B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3819466B1 patent drawingFigure 4A~5

AI summary

An airfoil (58) includes an airfoil body (60) that has a trailing edge region (62). The trailing edge region (62) includes first and second monolithic ceramic exterior walls (64a, 64b), a flow discharge passage (70) between the first and second monolithic ceramic exterior walls (64a, 64b), a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) liner (66) at least a portion of which is disposed in the flow discharge passage (70) between the first and second monolithic ceramic exterior walls (64a, 64b), and an array of pedestals (72) disposed in the flow discharge passage (70). Each of the flow guides bridges the CMC liner (66) and at least one of the first and second monolithic ceramic exterior walls (64a, 64b).