Ceramic Cookware Composition for Induction and Thermal Shock Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Cooking articles fail to meet the requirements for compatibility with multiple heat sources, such as electric, gas, microwave, and induction hobs, while also needing to withstand freezer storage and dishwasher washing, due to issues with thermal expansion, porosity, and material durability.
Innovation Solution
A ceramic cooking article is manufactured using a ceramic paste with specific compositions of quartz, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, and aluminum oxide, followed by a firing process that creates a cordierite-rich core with a corundum reinforcement, and an enamel layer, which includes an electrically conductive layer for induction compatibility and a fusible enamel overlayer for protection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If a ceramic paste with specific composition is used and fired at high temperature for extended time, then the cordierite content and low thermal expansion coefficient are improved, but the manufacturing time and energy consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the ceramic paste composition (quartz 10-25%, kaolin 25-50%, magnesium carbonate 10-25%, aluminum oxide 10-25%) and firing parameters (temperature 1360-1450°C, time 2-6 hours) to achieve the desired cordierite content and thermal expansion coefficient. This systematic parameter optimization allows achieving low thermal expansion (28-34 ppm/°C) within a reasonable firing time frame.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by creating a ceramic paste composed of multiple specific ingredients (quartz, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, aluminum oxide) that work together during firing to form cordierite as the primary crystalline phase. This composite approach ensures both low thermal expansion and acceptable firing time by leveraging the synergistic effects of the constituent materials.
2Reliability
If the ceramic paste is fired at high temperature for extended time, then the water absorption coefficient decreases and porosity is reduced, but the manufacturing time and energy consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the firing temperature range (1360-1450°C) and duration (2-6 hours) to achieve complete vitrification and minimal porosity. The specific composition parameters (particularly the balance between quartz, kaolin, and fluxing agents like magnesium carbonate) are tuned to ensure low water absorption (<0.5%) is achieved within an energy-efficient firing window.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by ensuring uniform distribution of the ceramic paste components before firing, which promotes consistent densification and vitrification throughout the product. This uniformity allows the entire piece to reach the desired low porosity state simultaneously, reducing the overall firing time and energy consumption compared to non-uniform materials that would require longer firing to achieve the same result throughout.
3Adaptability or versatility
If an electrically conductive layer is deposited on the bottom of the ceramic container, then induction hob compatibility is improved, but the complexity of the manufacturing process increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the intermediary principle by introducing an electrically conductive layer (such as a metallic coating or conductive ceramic layer) on the bottom surface of the ceramic container. This conductive layer acts as an intermediary that enables induction hob compatibility by generating eddy currents when exposed to the induction field, while the rest of the ceramic body maintains its traditional properties. This localized addition minimizes overall process complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by applying the electrically conductive layer only to the bottom surface of the container where induction heating is required, rather than making the entire container conductive. This localized treatment achieves induction compatibility while minimizing the impact on the overall manufacturing process and maintaining the aesthetic and functional properties of the ceramic body.
4Adaptability or versatility
If the ceramic paste composition is optimized for low thermal expansion, then compatibility with multiple heat sources is improved, but the mechanical strength and density may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by formulating a ceramic paste that contains multiple specific ingredients (quartz for low thermal expansion, kaolin for structural integrity, magnesium carbonate and aluminum oxide for cordierite formation). The resulting cordierite-rich ceramic (40-60% cordierite) combines the low thermal expansion properties of cordierite with the mechanical strength contributions from corundum and other crystalline phases, achieving both multi-heat-source compatibility and adequate mechanical strength.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by carefully adjusting the composition parameters (ratios of quartz, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, and aluminum oxide) and firing parameters to achieve an optimal balance between thermal expansion properties and mechanical strength. The cordierite content is controlled at 40-60% to ensure low thermal expansion while maintaining sufficient mechanical integrity for cooking applications.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting ceramic cooking article exhibits low thermal expansion, low porosity, high mechanical resistance, and compatibility with various cooking methods, including induction and microwave, with no retention of food or cleaning liquids, and maintains integrity across extreme temperature variations.
Implementation Method 1
firing the enamelled ceramic piece at a firing temperature of between 1360°C and 1450°C, preferably between 1385°C and 1430°C, for a time of between 2 and 6 hours, preferably between 4 and 5 hours, in order to obtain an article comprising a ceramic core covered with a layer of enamel, said ceramic core having a mineralogical composition rich in cordierite, corundum, quartz, vitreous phase and mullite
Implementation Method 2
The invention proposes to produce the ceramic cooking article, with a starting ceramic paste rich in silicon (kaolins being white, friable and refractory clays, composed mainly of kaolinite, i.e. aluminum silicates), and to apply to this ceramic paste a firing which gives the article a low porosity (with a volume water absorption coefficient of less than 0.5%)
Implementation Method 3
depositing on the bottom of the article an electrically conductive layer capable of generating eddy currents
Implementation Method 4
To be able to use a cooking item on an induction hob, it is not possible to use an item made solely of glass, plastic or ceramic. On the other hand, it is known, in particular from document EP 0 695 282 B1, to deposit on the bottom of a ceramic container an electrically conductive layer capable of generating eddy currents.
Implementation Method 5
To enable the article to pass from storage in a freezer, where the storage temperature is substantially of the order of -20°C, to cooking on a gas cooking fire, where the temperature of the flame is greater than 500° C., and also to tolerate rapid heating on an induction hob, it is essential to lower the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cooking article
Data Source
Figure 1~2
AI summary
The method comprises preparing a glaze slip by dispersing a ceramic paste and an enamel powder in an aqueous suspension, where the ceramic paste comprises quartz (10-25%), kaolin (25-50%), magnesium carbonate (10-25%) and aluminum oxide (10-25%), shaping the ceramic slurry for obtaining a ceramic part of suitable form, enameling the ceramic part for covering the ceramic part by a layer of glaze slip, and curing the enameled ceramic part at 850[deg] C for 3 hours under oxidizing or reducing atmosphere to obtain an article (1) comprising a ceramic core covered by a layer of enamel. -The method comprises preparing a glaze slip by dispersing a ceramic paste and an enamel powder in an aqueous suspension, where the ceramic paste comprises quartz (10-25%), kaolin (25-50%), magnesium carbonate (10-25%) and aluminum oxide (10-25%), shaping the ceramic slurry for obtaining a ceramic part of suitable form, enameling the ceramic part for covering the ceramic part by a layer of glaze slip, and curing the enameled ceramic part at 850[deg] C for 3 hours under oxidizing or reducing atmosphere to obtain an article (1) comprising a ceramic core covered by a layer of enamel, and depositing electrically conductive layer for generating eddy currents on the bottom of the article, where the layer has a thickness of 10-25 micrometers. The ceramic core has a mineralogical composition rich in cordierite (40-60%), corundum (8-15%), quartz, glass phase and mullite. The article has coefficient of thermal expansion of 31 ppm/[deg] C, water absorption coefficient of less than 0.2%, and density of greater than 2.4. The electrically conductive layer is deposited by a decalcomania deposition using chrome having a metal film made of silver. The chrome silver film comprises an overcoat of fusible enamel for protecting the metal film. The step of enameling is carried out by sputtering of the enamel slip or by a dipping process in the enamel slip. The enamel powder has the mineralogical composition rich in cordierite, corundum, quartz and mullite, which is same as the mineralogical composition of the ceramic core of the article. The curing of the ceramic part is made at successive intervals of temperatures including 300-600[deg] C for 1-2 hours, 900-1300[deg] C for 3-5 hours, 1300-1360[deg] C for 1-2 hours, 1360-1450[deg] C for 2-6 hours, 1200-1360[deg] C for 5-7 hours, 300-600[deg] C for 5-7 hours and 20-50[deg] C for 1-2 hours. The cordierite is a cordierite-doped by alumina. An independent claim is included for a ceramic article for cooking food.