Ceramic Fiber Coating by Decoupled Precursor Application and Pyrolysis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for producing fibers with homogeneous ceramic coatings are limited by high process speeds due to the coupled sequence of liquid precursor application and thermal treatment, leading to defects and low throughput.

Innovation Solution

Decoupling the coating cycle and thermal processing by applying precursors at temperatures < 500°C for stabilization followed by pyrolysis at higher temperatures, allowing for faster processing speeds and reduced defects.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the coating cycle and thermal treatment are coupled in sequence, then the coating can be applied and thermally treated in a single process, but the process speed is limited and throughput is low

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovethroughputVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the original coupled coating and thermal treatment process into two separate, independent stages: (1) a coating stage where liquid precursors are applied to fibers at lower temperatures, and (2) a pyrolysis stage where the coated fibers are thermally treated at high temperatures. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized independently and enables parallel processing or higher line speeds without compromising coating quality, thereby significantly increasing throughput while managing process complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies the coating with liquid precursors as a preliminary action before the thermal pyrolysis treatment. By coating the fibers first at lower temperatures and then performing the high-temperature pyrolysis in a separate subsequent step, the process avoids the limitations of coupled processing. This preliminary coating action allows for faster processing speeds and higher throughput while maintaining coating quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If high process speeds are used in coupled coating and thermal treatment, then throughput increases, but defects such as cracks, pores, and flaking occur due to rapid outgassing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess speedVSAvoidcoating quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the process into separate coating and pyrolysis stages, the patent enables high process speeds during the coating phase without the risk of rapid outgassing defects. The pyrolysis stage can then be optimized for controlled thermal treatment, allowing high throughput while maintaining coating quality free from cracks, pores, and flaking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The preliminary coating at lower temperatures allows the liquid precursors to be applied and stabilized before the high-temperature pyrolysis. This separation ensures that when high process speeds are used, the coating has already been properly applied and can withstand the subsequent rapid thermal treatment without developing defects, thus maintaining manufacturing precision at high speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Temperature

If temperatures above 750°C are used during thermal treatment, then the coating is properly fired to form ceramic, but the heating rate must be limited to avoid defects from gas production

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepyrolysis temperatureVSAvoidheating rate
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the thermal treatment into a controlled pyrolysis stage at high temperatures (above 750°C) that is separated from the coating application. This allows the heating rate to be optimized for complete ceramic formation without the constraints of rapid outgassing during coating, enabling both high temperature treatment and acceptable processing speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

By performing the coating application as a preliminary action before the high-temperature pyrolysis, the patent allows the subsequent thermal treatment to proceed at optimal temperatures above 750°C with controlled heating rates. The coating is already in place and stabilized, so the pyrolysis can focus on complete ceramic transformation without the risk of outgassing defects, achieving both high temperature treatment and reasonable processing speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of fibers with homogeneous ceramic coatings at significantly higher speeds, reducing defects and increasing throughput, resulting in more cost-efficient and high-quality ceramic fiber composites.

Implementation Method 1

coating the fibers with precursors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

drying and curing of the liquid coating in a stabilization chamber at a temperature of < 500 °C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 3

pyrolysis of the coated fibers... the coating is fired to form a ceramic at higher temperatures

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrolysis: Pyrolysis

Data Source

PatentEP3103781B1Method and assembly for preparation of fibres homogeneously coated with a ceramic
Publication Date: 2020.08.05 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3103781B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3103781B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3103781B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

According to the invention, a method and a plant for the production of fibers, which have a homogeneous ceramic coating, are provided from a fiber bundle. The method is characterized by the fact that fibers with a homogeneous ceramic layer microstructure and a constant layer thickness can be provided despite high process speeds. The method presented is based on the approach of decoupling the coating of the fibers with precursors and the pyrolysis of the coated fibers. First, the fibers are coated with precursors at temperatures &lt; 500 °C and only then is the coating fired at higher temperatures to form the ceramic. This achieves a significant increase in throughput and the resulting ceramic coatings have fewer defects, which otherwise usually occur due to outgassing of the layers caused by high temperatures.