Ceramic Separator and Indicator Electrode for Lithium Battery Safety

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional lithium-ion battery cells pose safety risks due to organic electrolytes, particularly in high-capacity applications, leading to potential fires or explosions, and have limitations in deep discharge capability, cycle life, and energy density, while also incurring high manufacturing costs and complexity.

Innovation Solution

A rechargeable battery cell design utilizing a sulfur dioxide-containing electrolyte with lithium as the active cation, combined with a ceramic separator layer and an indicator electrode to prevent metallic lithium deposition and ensure safety, longevity, and high energy efficiency, while maintaining low manufacturing costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If organic electrolyte is used in lithium-ion cells, then ion mobility and electrical performance are improved, but safety risks increase due to flammability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical performanceVSAvoidsafety risks
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by replacing organic solvents with inorganic substances, specifically using sulfur dioxide as the primary electrolyte component. This parameter change fundamentally alters the safety profile while maintaining ionic conductivity, directly resolving the contradiction between electrical performance and safety risks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the harmful flammability of organic electrolytes into a benefit by using inorganic electrolytes that are non-flammable. The sulfur dioxide-based electrolyte system transforms the safety hazard into a safe operating condition, allowing the battery to achieve both high performance and inherent safety without requiring additional protective measures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Use of energy by moving object

If deep discharge capability is enabled in organic lithium-ion cells, then energy utilization is improved, but irreversible damage occurs below 2.7V

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy utilizationVSAvoidcell integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the electrochemical window parameters by using inorganic electrolytes with wider stability ranges. The sulfur dioxide-based electrolyte maintains its chemical stability at lower potentials where organic electrolytes would decompose, enabling deep discharge to 0V without irreversible damage and expanding the usable energy range of the battery cell.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If safety measures are added to prevent metallic lithium deposition, then safety is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidbattery design complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-service safety by using inorganic electrolytes that inherently prevent metallic lithium deposition through their chemical properties. The sulfur dioxide-based electrolyte naturally suppresses lithium plating without requiring external monitoring systems, control algorithms, or additional protective components, thereby maintaining safety while avoiding increased complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Reliability

If inorganic electrolyte with sulfur dioxide is used, then safety and cycle life are improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecycle lifeVSAvoidproduction control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates an inert chemical environment using sulfur dioxide as the electrolyte base, which is inherently stable and resistant to decomposition. This inert environment reduces the sensitivity to manufacturing variations and environmental contaminants, actually decreasing the stringency of precision requirements compared to organic electrolyte systems that require strict moisture and oxygen control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances safety, extends cycle life, and improves energy density by preventing metallic lithium deposition, allowing for deeper discharge without damage and reducing manufacturing costs through the use of a sulfur dioxide-containing electrolyte and ceramic separator layer, along with an indicator electrode for early detection of safety risks.

Implementation Method 1

The ions are transported between the electrodes by means of the electrolyte, which ensures the necessary ion mobility

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon mobility: Electrolyte

Implementation Method 2

a ceramic separator layer which is applied to the negative electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical separation: Semipermeable Membrane

Implementation Method 3

The electrochemical potential of the indicator electrode is determined by the metal used in the indicator electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical potential: Potential Well

Implementation Method 4

the active cations, which react when the battery cell is charged at the negative electrode by insertion or intercalation into a host lattice

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInsertion: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 5

the active cations, which react when the battery cell is charged at the negative electrode by insertion or intercalation into a host lattice

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIntercalation: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 6

preventing metallic lithium deposition and ensure safety

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical stabilization: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP3560011B1Rechargeable electrochemical cells with ceramic separator layer and indicator electrode
Publication Date: 2021.02.03 FORTU NEW BATTERY TECH GMBH
  • EP3560011B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3560011B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6
  • EP3560011B1 patent drawing

AI summary

Described is a negative electrode for a rechargeable battery cell, at least one ceramic separator layer being applied to said electrode. Also described is an indicator electrode for recognizing active metal deposits, said indicator electrode being electrically insulated from the negative and positive electrodes of the battery cell.