Ceramic Tongue Intake Valve for Constant-Volume Combustion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing mechanisms for managing air admission in constant volume combustion chambers are complex and require active control, lacking simplicity, lightweightness, and space efficiency, while also being inadequate for high temperature and pressure conditions.

Innovation Solution

A constant-volume combustion system utilizing an elastically deformable tongue made of composite material with a ceramic matrix, positioned inside the chamber to passively control air intake by being fixed at one end and movable at the other, allowing it to close during combustion and reopen during scavenging phases, effectively managing pressure variations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional intake and exhaust mechanisms are used to control opening and closing of ports, then reliable control of combustion phases is achieved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol of combustion phasesVSAvoidintake and exhaust mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The tongue valve automatically opens and closes based on pressure differential without external control. During combustion phase, high pressure inside chamber pushes tongue to close intake port. During exhaust phase, pressure equalization allows tongue to open automatically, enabling self-regulating port control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces complex mechanical intake/exhaust control mechanisms with a pressure-driven elastic tongue valve. The tongue's elastic deformation responds directly to pressure changes, substituting mechanical actuators, linkages, and control systems with a passive elastic response mechanism

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If complex intake and exhaust mechanisms are used, then port control is achieved, but system weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveport controlVSAvoidintake control mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The tongue valve uses the combustion pressure itself to actuate the valve action, eliminating the need for external motors, actuators, and control systems that would add weight. The pressure differential directly deforms the elastic tongue to open or close the port

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a thin, flexible tongue made of elastic material that can deform under pressure. This thin-film approach replaces heavy mechanical valve components with a lightweight elastic element that achieves the same port control function

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

3Reliability

If traditional mechanical valve mechanisms are used, then port closure is achieved, but space consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveport closureVSAvoidvalve mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The elastic tongue is a thin, flexible element that deflects under pressure to close the port. This thin-film valve approach minimizes the volume occupied by the valve mechanism compared to traditional mechanical valves with moving parts, linkages, and housings

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The tongue valve operates by deflecting in a direction perpendicular to the port plane, utilizing elastic deformation in three-dimensional space. This allows compact integration within the chamber structure, fitting the valve action within the existing spatial envelope without requiring additional valve chambers or mechanism space

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

4Device complexity

If simple air intake mechanism is used, then device simplicity is achieved, but high temperature and pressure resistance is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair intake mechanismVSAvoidhigh temperature and pressure resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The tongue is made of composite material with ceramic matrix (CMC) that combines the elasticity needed for valve operation with high-temperature and pressure resistance. The ceramic matrix provides thermal stability and strength while the composite structure maintains elastic deformability, enabling the simple tongue design to withstand combustion chamber conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a simple, lightweight, and space-saving air intake control mechanism that operates effectively across high temperatures and pressures, passively managing the three phases of the combustion cycle, enhancing combustion efficiency and system responsiveness.

Implementation Method 1

at least one elastically deformable tongue made of composite material with a ceramic matrix forming an air inlet valve

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Implementation Method 2

the exhaust port is opened, which helps to reduce the pressure inside the chamber. The force acting on the tongue is thus reduced, and the tongue then moves away from the inlet port

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure differential: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP3625441B1Combustion system with a constant volume
Publication Date: 2021.04.21 SAFRAN SA
  • EP3625441B1 patent drawingFigure 1~5
  • EP3625441B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

The invention relates to a constant-volume combustion system comprising at least one combustion chamber (1) which comprises at least one intake port (5) and one exhaust port, the system being characterized in that it comprises at least one elastically deformable leaf (10) made from a ceramic matrix composite material forming an air intake valve, the leaf being present inside the chamber and positioned facing the intake port, the leaf comprising a first end (12) which is fixed relative to an internal wall (9a) of the chamber and a free second end (14), opposite to the first end, the second end being able to move relative to the internal wall.