CF2-Analogue Carbasugars for Stable SGLT Inhibition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for diabetes and obesity often come with significant side effects due to the limitations of existing drugs, and there is a need for more stable and effective compounds that can inhibit sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters without enzymatic degradation.
Innovation Solution
Development of CF2-analogues of aryl, heteroaryl, O-aryl, and O-heteroaryl glycosides where the intracyclic glycosidic oxygen is replaced by a carbon atom carrying two fluorine atoms, providing stability and mimicking the oxygen atom's function, thereby acting as SGLT inhibitors and Tyrosinase inhibitors for cosmetic applications.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing SGLT inhibitor drugs are used to treat diabetes and obesity, then glucose co-transporter inhibition is achieved, but significant side effects occur due to enzymatic degradation and limited stability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by replacing the intracyclic glycosidic oxygen atom with a carbon atom carrying two fluorine atoms (CF2 group). This chemical modification transforms the molecular structure to create stable analogues that resist enzymatic degradation while maintaining SGLT inhibition activity, thereby improving reliability and reducing side effects associated with enzyme-mediated breakdown of conventional glycosides
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates stable copies of natural O-aryl and O-heteroaryl glycosides by synthesizing CF2-analogues that mimic the oxygen atom's function. These difluorinated carbon analogues serve as stable replicas that retain the biological activity of the original compounds while being resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, thus solving the stability problem without losing therapeutic efficacy
2Reliability
If new SGLT inhibitor compounds are developed to reduce side effects, then stability and selectivity improve, but the complexity of compound synthesis increases
Solution Approach 1:
The synthesis approach is segmented into modular steps: first constructing the difluorinated carbasugar core structure with the CF2 group, then separately synthesizing the aryl or heteroaryl moieties, and finally coupling these pre-prepared fragments together. This segmentation of the synthesis process into independent modules simplifies the overall complexity while maintaining the advanced stability and selectivity of the final compounds
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs preliminary action by pre-synthesizing and characterizing the difluorinated carbasugar intermediates and aryl/heteroaryl building blocks before final assembly. This advance preparation of standardized intermediates with known structures and properties streamlines the subsequent coupling reactions, reducing the overall synthesis complexity while ensuring the desired stability and selectivity in the final products
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I): as well as its process of preparation, pharmaceutical and cosmetics composition comprising it and use thereof, notably as an inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter, such as SGLTl, SGLT2 and SGLT3, in particular in the treatment or prevention of diabetes, and more particularly type-II diabetes, diabetes-related complications, such as arthritis of the lower extremities, cardiac infarction, renal insufficiency, neuropathy or blindness, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, X syndrome and arteriosclerosis, as well as for its use as an anticancer, anti-infective, anti-viral, anti-thrombotic or anti- inflammatory drug, or for lightening, bleaching, depigmenting the skin, removing blemishes from the skin, particularly age spots and freckles, or preventing pigmentation of the skin.