CFRP Structural Stack With Electroplated Metal for Erosion Resistance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials used in aircraft surfaces, such as nacelle inlet lipskins, face degradation and erosion from environmental elements, leading to aerodynamic inefficiencies due to surface roughness and drag issues.

Innovation Solution

A structural material stack comprising a CFRP composite panel with an electrically conductive interface film and a nickel alloy metallic coating, where the interface film is sandwiched between the CFRP and the metallic coating, enhancing bond strength and surface smoothness for improved aerodynamics.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Weight of moving object

If CFRP material is used to form structural material stacks for constructing aircraft surfaces, then strength to weight ratio is improved, but surface durability and resistance to environmental degradation worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveweightVSAvoidsurface durability
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by creating a multi-layer structure consisting of CFRP substrate, interface film, and metallic coating. This composite structure combines the lightweight advantages of CFRP with the protective and conductive properties of the metallic coating, resolving the contradiction between weight reduction and surface durability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The interface film serves as an intermediary layer between the CFRP substrate and the metallic coating. It enables electrical conductivity for electroplating while ensuring proper adhesion between the non-conductive CFRP and the metallic coating, thus facilitating the protective coating application without compromising the underlying CFRP structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Weight of moving object

If CFRP material is used for aircraft surfaces, then weight is reduced, but resistance to erosion and environmental elements worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveweightVSAvoiderosion resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite protective system where a metallic coating is applied over the CFRP substrate through electroplating. This metallic outer layer provides resistance to erosion, moisture, and environmental elements while the CFRP core maintains the lightweight structure, thus resolving the contradiction between weight reduction and erosion resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Weight of moving object

If CFRP material is used for aircraft surfaces, then weight is reduced, but aerodynamic performance worsens due to surface roughness

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveweightVSAvoidaerodynamic drag
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies a metallic coating over the CFRP surface to create a smooth, aerodynamically efficient exterior. This composite structure maintains the weight advantages of CFRP while providing a surface that reduces turbulent air flow and drag, thus resolving the contradiction between weight reduction and aerodynamic performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Reliability

If electroplating process is performed to form metallic coating on CFRP, then surface protection is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface protectionVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The interface film acts as an intermediary that enables the electroplating process on non-conductive CFRP surfaces. By providing electrical conductivity and adhesion properties, it simplifies the manufacturing process compared to alternative methods, making the electroplating process feasible and reliable for protecting CFRP components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The interface film is applied to the CFRP substrate before the electroplating process. This preliminary action prepares the surface by ensuring electrical conductivity and proper adhesion, which facilitates the subsequent electroplating process and ensures high-quality metallic coating deposition without requiring complex surface treatments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a durable, aerodynamically efficient surface by preventing erosion and promoting laminar flow, thereby enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing turbulence.

Implementation Method 1

performing an electroplating process to form a metallic coating on the exterior interface surface of the interface film

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectroplating: Electroplating

Data Source

PatentEP4306681A1Method for producing a structural material stack
Publication Date: 2024.01.17 THE BOEING CO
  • EP4306681A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4306681A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4306681A1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A method for producing a structural material stack includes forming a composite panel that includes a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) material, and applying an interface film on an exterior composite surface of the composite panel. The interface film is electrically conductive. The method includes performing an electroplating process to form a metallic coating on the interface film such that the interface film is sandwiched between the composite panel and the metallic coating. The metallic coating has a different material composition than the interface film.