Chalcogenide Fiber Sensor Curved Detection Zone

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Solution Overview

Problem

Chalcogenide fiber evanescent wave sensors face issues with compactness, fragility, and low sensitivity in their detection zones, particularly in the mid-infrared range for target molecule signatures.

Innovation Solution

A method for manufacturing a chalcogenide fiber sensor with a core comprising heated sections to achieve a curved detection zone with a reduced diameter, enhanced mechanical strength, and optimized refractive index differences, allowing for improved absorption of infrared waves and increased sensitivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If the fiber is bent to reduce the detection zone size for compactness, then the sensor becomes more compact, but the mechanical strength decreases and the fiber becomes fragile

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor sizeVSAvoidmechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by heating the chalcogenide fiber to temperatures above its glass transition temperature (Tg) during bending. This thermal parameter change temporarily modifies the fiber's mechanical properties, making it more ductile and less fragile during the bending process. After bending, controlled cooling solidifies the new curved shape while maintaining structural integrity, thus achieving compact sensor size without excessive fragility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes phase transitions of the chalcogenide glass material. By heating the fiber above its glass transition temperature, the material transitions from a rigid glassy state to a more compliant rubbery state, enabling bending without fracture. Subsequent controlled cooling reverses this transition, locking in the curved configuration while restoring mechanical strength, thereby resolving the contradiction between compactness and fragility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Measurement precision

If the core diameter is reduced to increase sensitivity, then the evanescent wave interaction is enhanced, but the mechanical strength and robustness decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection sensitivityVSAvoidmechanical robustness
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs parameter changes by controlling the core diameter and refractive index difference as key parameters. By optimizing the core diameter to a specific range and adjusting the refractive index difference between core and cladding, the patent achieves high evanescent wave interaction and detection sensitivity while maintaining sufficient mechanical robustness. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction between sensitivity and robustness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If the refractive index difference between core and cladding is minimized to optimize evanescent wave propagation, then the sensitivity increases, but the light confinement in the core decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveevanescent wave detection sensitivityVSAvoidlight confinement efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the refractive index difference (Δn) as a critical parameter. By optimizing Δn to a specific range, the patent achieves a balance where sufficient light is confined in the core for efficient propagation while enough evanescent field extends into the cladding for sensitive detection. This optimized parameter setting resolves the contradiction between light confinement and detection sensitivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The resulting sensor is more compact, robust, and sensitive, with enhanced mechanical resistance and improved detection capabilities for mid-infrared molecular signatures, enabling better contact and analysis of biological samples.

Implementation Method 1

a chalcogenide fiber evanescent infrared wave sensor... operating on the principle of absorption by evanescent waves... guide infrared waves

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Implementation Method 2

the part to be bent is heated by a core... the part to be bent is at a temperature T2 such that: T1 < T2 < Tg + 50°C... the glass transition temperature Tg

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal softening above glass transition temperature: Heating

Implementation Method 3

absorption by evanescent waves which is compact, robust and sensitive to signatures in the mid-infrared of the target molecules... FEWS being in English 'Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy'

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvanescent wave absorption spectroscopy: Absorption Spectroscopy

Data Source

PatentEP2552844B1Method of manufacturing a chalcogenide-fibre infrared evanescent wave sensor
Publication Date: 2014.03.26 UNIV DE RENNES I
  • EP2552844B1 patent drawingFigure 1~5
  • EP2552844B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7
  • EP2552844B1 patent drawingFigure 8~10

AI summary

The invention relates to a fibre sensor that enables the propagation of infrared light at at least one wavelength of 0.8 to 25 micrometres, the fibre successively comprising along its length a first infrared waveguide section (23), a second detection section (25) intended to come into contact with an external environment in order to detect infrared signatures interfering with the propagation of the evanescent waves propagating along the fibre (2), and a third infrared waveguide section (27). The invention is characterized in that, in the second fibre section (25) that has the detection role, the fibre (2) is constituted of a curved part, the radius of curvature of which is locally less than 2.3 millimetres.