Charge Pump Failure Protection via Current Limiting

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Solution Overview

Problem

In electrical systems, particularly in applications like class D audio amplifiers, the power supply voltage is often insufficient to drive high-side transistors, and space constraints or declining battery voltage can prevent the use of optimal battery cells, necessitating a solution to generate a higher voltage efficiently.

Innovation Solution

A charge pump device that uses a capacitive voltage conversion method, combining a pumping capacitor charged to the battery voltage with an internally generated voltage to produce a higher output voltage, while incorporating current-limiting and start-up protection circuits to prevent damage from short-circuit conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a charge pump is used to generate higher voltage, then the power supply capability is improved, but the risk of short-circuit damage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply capabilityVSAvoidshort-circuit resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a start-up detection circuit that activates protection mechanisms before the charge pump begins operation. The circuit detects startup conditions and enables current limiting protection in advance, preventing short-circuit damage before it can occur during high-power operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses an intermediary approach by introducing a detection circuit as a mediator between the charge pump and the power supply. This intermediary circuit monitors the startup phase and controls the enabling of protection mechanisms, allowing the system to safely transition from low-power startup to high-power operation without direct exposure to short-circuit risks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If current limiting protection is implemented, then reliability against short-circuits is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshort-circuit protectionVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the detection and protection functions into a single integrated start-up detection circuit. By combining the startup detection, current limiting control, and protection enabling functions into one unified circuit block, the patent reduces overall device complexity while maintaining comprehensive short-circuit protection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The start-up detection circuit serves multiple functions simultaneously: it detects startup conditions, controls current limiting, and enables protection mechanisms. This multi-functional design reduces the need for separate dedicated circuits for each function, thereby reducing overall device complexity while maintaining reliable protection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The charge pump effectively generates a voltage higher than the power supply voltage, doubling the voltage swing and power delivery, while ensuring reliability and safety through current-limiting and fault detection mechanisms, suitable for automotive and handheld applications.

Implementation Method 1

A charge pump device that uses a capacitive voltage conversion method, combining a pumping capacitor charged to the battery voltage with an internally generated voltage to produce a higher output voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitive voltage conversion: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP3046240B1Integrated circuit charge pump with failure protection
Publication Date: 2021.03.10 NXP BV
  • EP3046240B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3046240B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3046240B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Disclosed is a charge pump protection device including a power supply voltage, a charge pump to produce an output voltage higher than the power supply voltage, the charge pump including, a pumping capacitor to store voltage during a charging state and to discharge the voltage during a pumping state thereof, a plurality of switches to regulate the charging and pumping states, a charge pump capacitor to store the output voltage, and at least one current limiter in series with at least one of the plurality of switches to limit current and prevent an electrical failure of the charge pump.