Onboard Charger Layout to Protect High-Voltage Circuits in Collisions

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing vehicles with bi-directional chargers are susceptible to damage during collisions, which can expose high voltage circuits to the outside due to the proximity of adjacent units, posing a risk of electrical exposure and damage.

Innovation Solution

The vehicle design includes a first unit with an isolation transformer and electric circuits positioned to minimize exposure of high voltage circuits by locating them away from potential points of impact, using offset arrangements and recesses to maintain separation from adjacent units with high rigidity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If the first unit and second unit are disposed adjacent to each other to save space, then the vehicle can accommodate more components, but the casing of the first unit may be damaged during collision exposing high voltage circuits

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespace utilizationVSAvoidcollision damage risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dimensional arrangement by positioning the first electric circuit at the front end of the casing in the vehicle front-rear direction, while the isolation transformer is positioned at the rear end. This spatial separation along the front-rear axis creates a protective buffer zone, ensuring that even if the casing is damaged during collision, the high voltage first electric circuit remains protected while the isolation transformer may be exposed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Device complexity

If the first electric circuit is positioned close to the isolation transformer to reduce component count, then the device complexity is reduced, but the high voltage circuit becomes more vulnerable to external damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent arrangementVSAvoidcircuit protection
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the internal structure of the first unit by dividing it into distinct zones: the front end houses the high voltage first electric circuit, while the rear end houses the isolation transformer. This segmentation creates physical separation between components, with the front-end positioning of the high voltage circuit providing inherent protection through its location away from potential collision points.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Prevents exposure of high voltage circuits to the outside even in the event of a collision, ensuring safety and reducing damage to the charging unit's casing.

Implementation Method 1

The isolation transformer includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. The first electric circuit is electrically connected to the primary coil of the isolation transformer. The second electric circuit is electrically connected to the secondary coil of the isolation transformer.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP4610085A1vehicle
Publication Date: 2025.09.03 TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
  • EP4610085A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4610085A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4610085A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A vehicle (10) includes: a motor (20); a battery (16) that is connected to the motor (20) through a system main relay (48); a first unit (24) that is connected to the battery through the system main relay (48); and a second unit (42) that is disposed adjacent to the first unit (24) on a first side in a vehicle front-rear direction. The first unit (24) includes: an isolation transformer (30) including a primary coil (30a) and a secondary coil (30b); a first electric circuit (32) that is connected to the primary coil (30a); and a second electric circuit (34) that is connected to the secondary coil (30b). The first electric circuit (32) is connected to the battery (16). The first electric circuit (32) is located closer to a second side in the vehicle front-rear direction than the isolation transformer (30).