Charging Circuit Voltage Stabilization Without Adapter Capacitors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing charging architectures in terminal devices face challenges with miniaturization due to the use of electrolytic capacitors, which are bulky and limit voltage stability, and current solutions that rely on battery voltage for stability are inflexible.
Innovation Solution
A charging circuit with a conversion circuit and controller that modulates direct current voltage based on a threshold, allowing it to switch directions between the adapter and terminal battery to maintain stable charging, even with pulsating input voltage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If an electrolytic capacitor is disposed in the terminal adapter to stabilize output voltage, then voltage stability is improved, but adapter volume increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the electrolytic capacitor from the adapter, extracting the volume-consuming component while addressing voltage stability through an alternative architecture where the terminal battery serves as the energy storage element, enabling adapter miniaturization
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a control circuit as an intermediary between the adapter and terminal battery, which actively regulates voltage by controlling charging current based on detected voltage levels, compensating for the removed capacitor's function without requiring its physical presence
2Volume of stationary object
If the electrolytic capacitor is removed to achieve miniaturization, then adapter volume decreases, but output voltage fluctuates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback control mechanism where the control circuit continuously detects the adapter's output voltage and adjusts the charging current accordingly, increasing current when voltage is high and decreasing it when voltage is low, thereby stabilizing output voltage without requiring a capacitor
Solution Approach 2:
The terminal battery serves dual purposes: as the energy storage device being charged and as an active participant in voltage stabilization through the feedback control mechanism, where its voltage characteristics help clamp and stabilize the adapter's output voltage
3Stability of the object's composition
If the adapter directly charges the terminal battery to stabilize output voltage near battery voltage, then voltage stability is improved, but voltage adjustment flexibility is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a dynamic charging architecture where the control circuit can flexibly adjust charging parameters based on real-time voltage detection, allowing the system to adapt between different charging modes (standard charging, fast charging, voltage clamping) rather than being fixed to a single direct-charging mode
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables miniaturization of adapters by removing electrolytic capacitors while ensuring continuous charging by stabilizing voltage and preventing protection mechanism triggers.
Implementation Method 1
the controller is configured to modulate a voltage of the first direct current to a charging voltage to charge the terminal battery
Implementation Method 2
when a voltage of the charging interface is less than a threshold voltage, the conversion circuit is configured to transmit a second direct current from the terminal battery to the charging interface
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3a~3b
AI summary
A charging circuit (113), a terminal device (11), an adapter (14), and a charging system (10) and method are disclosed, and are mainly applied to a charging process of the terminal device (11). The terminal device (11) may be charged by using an adapter (14) having no electrolytic capacitor, which is conducive to achieving miniaturization of the adapter. When a voltage of a charging interface (111) of the terminal device (11) is low, the charging circuit (113) may discharge by using a terminal battery (112), to maintain the voltage of the charging interface (111). The charging circuit (113) may also decrease a charging current provided to the terminal battery (112), to maintain the voltage of the charging interface (111). The voltage of the charging interface (111) may be equivalent to a voltage of an output interface of the adapter (14). Therefore, the charging circuit (113) can maintain the voltage of the output interface of the adapter (14) to be not excessively low, thereby preventing the adapter (14) from stopping working.