Multi-Ionization Chemical Tags for Isobaric Species Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for analyzing complex biological samples, such as shotgun lipidomics, struggle to accurately distinguish and quantify isobaric species due to chemical complexity, leading to inefficiencies in separation and identification of components.
Innovation Solution
The use of chemical tags with two or more ionization sites to selectively react with sample components, followed by separation based on charge state using ion mobility spectrometry or capillary electrophoresis, and subsequent characterization of components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional analytical methods such as mass spectrometry analysis of complex mixtures are used, then analysis can be performed on biological samples, but accurate results cannot be delivered due to chemical complexity and inability to distinguish isobaric species
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the complex mixture into separate components by tagging specific molecules with chemical probes that have multiple ionization sites. This segmentation allows multiply-charged tagged components to be separated from other components based on charge state, resolving the inability to distinguish isobaric species in complex mixtures
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces chemical tags with multiple ionization sites as intermediary substances that selectively react with target components. These tags serve as mediators that enable differentiation of isobaric species by creating multiply-charged ions that can be separated and identified more accurately
2Measurement precision
If chemical modifiers are used to label specific molecules, then visualization of particular components is improved, but separation and characterization of components from complex samples cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the charge state parameter of tagged components by using chemical tags with multiple ionization sites. This parameter change enables separation based on charge state, as multiply-charged tagged components behave differently during separation processes compared to singly-charged or untagged components
3Productivity
If shotgun lipidomics is used to analyze biological samples, then component analysis can be performed, but isobaric species cannot be distinguished and quantified accurately
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary tagging of target components with chemical probes before the main analysis process. This preliminary action of introducing multiple ionization sites onto specific molecules enables subsequent accurate distinction and quantification of isobaric species during mass spectrometry analysis
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the resolution and accuracy of component separation, allowing for rapid analysis with minimal sample preparation, improved selectivity, sensitivity, and specificity, and enables spatial localization of biological molecules.
Implementation Method 1
chemical tags which have two or more sites for ionization to improve quantification, identification and/or spatial localization of components of interest from a complex mixture
Implementation Method 2
separating the components using ion mobility spectrometry or capillary electrophoresis
Implementation Method 3
separating the components using ion mobility spectrometry or capillary electrophoresis
Data Source
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AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a method for using chemical tags which have two or more sites for ionization to improve quantification and identification of components of interest from a complex mixture. This method relies on first selectively reacting one or more component in a sample with a chemical tag having two or more sites for ionization, followed by separation of components based on charge status, and finally characterization of each component to identify the same. Additionally disclosed are compounds useful as chemical tags in the disclosed methods.