Chimeric Antibodies Sequester Cocaine in Plasma
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments lack effective medications for cocaine dependence, addiction, overdose, and relapse, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems, as existing antibodies elicit an immune response and have low affinity for cocaine.
Innovation Solution
Development of monoclonal antibodies with high affinity and specificity for cocaine, comprising a human gamma heavy chain and a murine lambda or human kappa light chain, which are administered to sequester cocaine in peripheral circulation, preventing its entry into the brain.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing antibodies are used to treat cocaine-related disorders, then immune response is elicited, but affinity for cocaine is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the antibody structure to include a human gamma heavy chain paired with either a human kappa light chain or a murine lambda light chain. This structural parameter change increases affinity for cocaine while the humanized design reduces immune response compared to fully murine antibodies
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by creating chimeric antibodies that combine human and murine protein sequences. Specifically, the human gamma heavy chain is combined with either human kappa or murine lambda light chains, creating a composite molecular structure that achieves both high cocaine affinity and reduced immunogenicity
2Object-affected harmful factors
If monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for cocaine are administered, then brain cocaine concentrations decrease, but plasma cocaine levels increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the intermediary principle by using monoclonal antibodies as mediator molecules that bind to cocaine in plasma and facilitate its removal from the brain. The antibodies act as intermediaries that sequester cocaine, preventing its entry into or retention in the brain while maintaining solubility in plasma for effective transport
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies extraction by removing cocaine from the brain through antibody binding. The monoclonal antibodies extract cocaine from brain tissue by binding it with high affinity, effectively pulling the substance out of the harmful environment (brain) and sequestering it in the plasma where it can be eliminated
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antibodies significantly decrease brain cocaine concentrations, demonstrating a dramatic dose-dependent increase in plasma cocaine levels and concomitant decrease in brain levels, effectively reducing the risk of dependence, addiction, and relapse with minimal immune response.
Implementation Method 1
an antibody comprising a human gamma heavy chain and a murine lambda light chain... binding cocaine or a derivative thereof
Data Source
AI summary
Methods for treating a cocaine-related disorder in an individual include administering to the individual a therapeutic amount of an antibody comprising a human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain and a murine lambda light chain. In another embodiment, the light chain includes a human kappa light chain at least partially derived from 1B3. Other embodiments are directed toward the antibodies themselves and methods of binding the antibodies.