Chimeric NDV-ILTV Vaccine for Dual Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines for infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND) in poultry face challenges such as residual virulence, mutation, and incomplete protection due to live attenuated strains, and existing recombinant vaccines induce only partial protection and have limitations in safety and efficacy.
Innovation Solution
A chimeric virus based on the NDV LaSota strain expressing ILTV gB or gD antigens is developed, which induces a robust immune response in animals, providing protection against both ILTV and NDV, and is formulated into immunogenic compositions for effective administration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If live attenuated ILTV vaccine strains are used, then strong immune protection is induced, but residual virulence and mutation to higher virulence occur
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine system is segmented into two distinct components: a safe viral vector (NDV LaSota or HVT) that provides delivery without virulence, and separate ILTV antigens (gB, gD, or gC proteins) that provide immunogenicity without infectious capability. This segmentation eliminates the risk of virulent reversion while maintaining immune protection.
Solution Approach 2:
A viral vector (NDV LaSota or HVT) serves as an intermediary carrier to deliver ILTV antigens to the host immune system. The vector acts as a safe delivery mechanism that presents foreign antigens without possessing the pathogenic properties of native ILTV, thereby inducing immunity without residual virulence concerns.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If inactivate whole-virus vaccines or vectored constructs are used, then safety is improved, but immune protection becomes only partial
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine employs multiple distinct ILTV antigens (gB, gD, and gC proteins) with different immunogenic properties targeted simultaneously. Each antigen provides specific immune responses, and their combination creates comprehensive coverage that overcomes the partial protection limitation of single-antigen or inactivated vaccines.
Solution Approach 2:
The vaccine composition is composite, combining a viral vector platform with multiple purified ILTV antigen proteins. This composite approach integrates the advantages of live-vector delivery systems with the safety and specificity of subunit antigens, achieving both high safety and strong protective immunity.
3Reliability
If multiple vaccines are administered separately, then comprehensive protection is achieved, but vaccination complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple ILTV antigens (gB, gD, gC) are merged into a single vaccine formulation delivered by one viral vector system. This consolidation allows simultaneous immunization against multiple ILTV strains and epitopes through a single administration, replacing the need for multiple separate vaccine doses or combinations.
Solution Approach 2:
The NDV LaSota or HVT vector platform serves multiple functions: it acts as a delivery vehicle, provides its own immunogenicity against Newcastle disease, and simultaneously presents multiple ILTV antigens for cross-protection against different ILTV strains. This multi-functionality simplifies the vaccination program while achieving comprehensive protection.
Data Source
AI summary
Recombinant chimeric viruses based on NDV LaSota strain and containing either ILTV gB or gD are produced. Administration of the chimeric viruses to chickens induces an immune response in the animal against both NDV and ILTV. Immunogenic compositions, plasmids, kits and methods are described.