Chimeric Virus Vaccine for PRRSV Cross-Immunity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) lack cross-protection ability and are difficult to produce with guaranteed efficacy and safety due to genetic diversity of the virus and the need for extensive serial passages in cell lines.
Innovation Solution
Development of a chimeric virus vaccine expressing a PRRSV-derived T cell epitope, specifically using a nucleic acid sequence encoding T cell epitope-EP7 or EP8, which is attenuated and has low pathogenicity, thereby enhancing porcine immunity and providing cross-immunity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If attenuated live vaccines are used to induce preventive effect, then immunogenicity is improved, but development period is prolonged and safety cannot be guaranteed due to extensive serial passages required
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine development process is segmented into two independent parts: (1) using reverse genetics to directly construct attenuated virus strains without serial passages, and (2) expressing T cell epitopes through chimeric virus technology. This segmentation eliminates the time-consuming serial passage step while maintaining immunogenicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-attenuating the virus through reverse genetics before vaccination. The attenuated virus strain is constructed in advance with specific genetic modifications that ensure safety and immunogenicity without requiring extensive serial passages during the vaccination process.
2Reliability
If vaccines are developed for different PRRSV types, then specific protection is achieved, but cross-protection ability is poor due to genetic diversity up to 40%
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing a chimeric virus vaccine that expresses conserved T cell epitopes (EP7 and EP8) from PRRSV ORF7, which are highly conserved across different PRRSV types. This allows a single vaccine to provide cross-protection against multiple PRRSV strains while maintaining specific protective effects.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of antigen selection from highly variable viral proteins to highly conserved T cell epitopes. By targeting conserved regions (EP7 and EP8) that show minimal genetic variation across PRRSV types, the vaccine achieves both specific and cross-protective effects despite the 40% genetic diversity between virus types.
3Ease of manufacture
If standard mutant strains are used for vaccine production, then production is simplified, but cross-protection ability is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite vaccine structure by combining an attenuated PRRSV strain (providing basic immunogenicity and ease of production) with exogenously expressed T cell epitopes EP7 and EP8 (providing cross-protection). This composite approach maintains production simplicity while significantly enhancing cross-protection ability.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a chimeric virus expressing a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-derived peptide and a use thereof as a vaccine. The chimeric virus has an excellent immune stimulating effect and is useful as a vaccine that can effectively protect against PRRSV by suppressing viral amplification in target cells.