Chirp-Modulated Ranging for IoT Node Localization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing communication systems for IoT networks face challenges in providing low power, spectral efficiency, and precise positioning for both stationary and moving objects, especially in scenarios with limited radio bandwidth and high node density, where energy efficiency and computation complexity are critical.

Innovation Solution

A wireless communication network using chirp-modulated radio signals with continuous phase functions, where nodes can synchronize their time references through ranging requests and responses, allowing for precise positioning and enhanced localization using antenna, frequency, and time diversity, both in the network infrastructure and mobile nodes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If narrow-band or ultra-narrow band modulation is used to achieve spectral efficiency, then bandwidth usage is optimized, but synchronization precision between transmitter and receiver becomes extremely demanding

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebandwidth usageVSAvoidsynchronization precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a preamble sequence before the actual data transmission in the NarrowBand uplink protocol. This preamble contains synchronization signals that enable the receiver to perform time and frequency synchronization before the main data arrives, thus preparing the system in advance to handle the precision requirements of narrow-band modulation without compromising data transmission efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses reference signals as intermediaries between the transmitted data and the receiver's detection process. These reference signals are inserted at specific positions in the time-frequency grid and serve as mediators that help the receiver achieve precise synchronization and channel estimation, bridging the gap between the narrow-band signal constraints and the precision requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If existing IoT communication systems are used, then basic connectivity is achieved, but energy efficiency and computation complexity are insufficient for battery-operated devices with limited resources

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveconnectivityVSAvoidenergy efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by introducing scalable modulation schemes (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) and configurable transmission parameters such as payload size, repetition factor, and coding rate. These parameters can be dynamically adjusted based on channel conditions and device capabilities, allowing battery-operated devices to optimize their energy consumption by selecting appropriate transmission parameters rather than using fixed high-power modes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements partial action through the NarrowBand uplink design where devices can transmit with reduced power and bandwidth compared to full LTE uplink. The system allows devices to send small payloads with lower complexity modulation, performing only the necessary communication function rather than full-capacity transmission, thus reducing energy consumption while maintaining basic connectivity reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP3208946B1Communication device and method in the cellular band
Publication Date: 2021.05.05 SEMTECH CORP
  • EP3208946B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2c
  • EP3208946B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP3208946B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

A wireless communication method in a network comprising a plurality of nodes (523, 510) including ranging masters (A), broadcasting a chirp-modulated ranging requests (543), and ranging slaves slave (B), replying with thereto with chirp-modulated ranging responses (545), whereby mobile nodes (E, 510) can locate themselves passively by listening to the request/reply exchanges, based on the respective time differences of arrival.