Chirped Microlens Array Homogenizes Radiation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radiation homogenization devices are adjustment-critical, sensitive to impurities, and limited in their ability to achieve uniform homogeneity across large areas, especially when the input intensity distribution varies, due to interference patterns and wavelength dependence.

Innovation Solution

A device utilizing a plurality of non-identical lens systems with parallel optical axes, where each lens system can have different numerical apertures and geometries, arranged in a chirped microlens array configuration to achieve uniform radiation homogenization, with optional Fourier lenses for beam deflection and overlap, allowing for complete coverage and improved homogeneity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If regular microlens arrays (rMLA) are used for homogenization, then the device structure is simple and manufacturing is easier, but interference patterns occur leading to intensity maxima and zeros that deteriorate homogeneity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of manufactureVSAvoidhomogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by using chirped microlens arrays where lenses have different parameters (radius of curvature, free diameter, vertex position) rather than being identical. This asymmetric design eliminates the regular interference patterns that occur with identical lenses, removing intensity maxima and zeros while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through systematic parameter variation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements local quality by allowing each lens in the array to have different local parameters tailored to its position. The parameters of each lens can be determined by functions dependent on the position of the cell or lens in the array, enabling optimized local performance that collectively achieves superior homogeneity across the entire output area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Device complexity

If refractive beam shaping elements are used, then the device structure is simple, but the device is adjustment-critical and sensitive to impurities

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidreliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the beam shaping function into multiple discrete microlenses arranged in an array. Each microlens processes a portion of the input beam independently, so that impurities or misalignments in one lens do not critically affect the entire system. The collective action of many segmented lenses produces the homogenized output.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Manufacturing precision

If diffractive beam shaping elements are used, then homogenization can be achieved, but the efficiency depends on wavelength and surface relief increases scattered light

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehomogenization qualityVSAvoidenergy loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes diffractive optical elements with refractive microlens elements. Instead of relying on diffraction and surface relief structures that cause wavelength dependence and scattering losses, the system uses geometric refraction through curved lens surfaces. This mechanical/refractive approach eliminates the harmful effects of diffraction while maintaining the beam shaping and homogenization function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Manufacturing precision

If the number of individual lenses in regular microlens array is increased to improve homogeneity, then homogenization improves, but the numerical aperture constraint becomes more limiting and device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovehomogeneityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by systematically varying the parameters of each lens in the array (radius of curvature, free diameter, vertex position) according to position-dependent functions. This chirped parameter distribution allows the system to achieve superior homogeneity with a practical number of lenses, avoiding the need for extremely large arrays while eliminating interference patterns through parameter diversity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves uniform radiation homogenization largely independent of input intensity distribution, minimizing interference patterns and wavelength dependence, thereby enhancing homogeneity and reducing manufacturing costs.

Implementation Method 1

The incident radiation hits this microlens array so that its lenses focus the radiation. The maximum angle of the focused radiation depends on the numerical aperture (NA) of the lenses. Behind the focus of the lenses, individual radiation beams diverge divergently, with the angle of divergence corresponding to the numerical aperture of the lenses.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Implementation Method 2

A Fourier lens is now arranged in the beam path behind the microlens array, which deflects the individual bundles in such a way that the partial bundles generated by the individual microlenses of the microlens array lie one above the other in the focal plane of the Fourier lens.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFocusing: Focusing

Implementation Method 3

A Fourier lens is now arranged in the beam path behind the microlens array, which deflects the individual bundles in such a way that the partial bundles generated by the individual microlenses of the microlens array lie one above the other in the focal plane of the Fourier lens.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 4

Since all power components that run through individual lenses are superimposed on the same area in the focal plane, the radiation is homogenized.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSuperposition: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP2087394B1Device for homogenizing radiation by means of irregular microlens arrays
Publication Date: 2011.12.14 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP2087394B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2087394B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2087394B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a device for homogenizing radiation, preferably light, with the help of chirped microlens arrays (cMLA) which, unlike standard regular microlens arrays (rMLA), are an arrangement of non-identical lenses in an array. Non-identical means that the lens parameters in the array, e.g. the radius of curvature, free diameter, vertex position, and other parameters, can vary from one lens or cell to another. The parameters of each lens or cell can be (analytically, numerically) determined by means of functions which are preferably dependent on the position of the cell or lens within the array.