Chroma Quantization Groups for Video Coding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing video coding standards, such as HEVC, lack flexible control over chroma quantization parameters, which limits encoding quality and compression efficiency, especially in applications requiring independent control of color components like RGB and mixed video content with varying texture and noise characteristics.

Innovation Solution

The method introduces quantization groups that allow for explicit specification of chroma QP offset values within a coding block, using a table of possible offset values in the header and indexing for selection, enabling independent control of chroma quantization parameters at a more granular level than traditional codecs, and combining these with luma QP values from higher levels of the video coding hierarchy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If chroma QP offset values are controlled at higher levels (Picture Parameter Set or Slice level), then device complexity is reduced, but chroma quantization control flexibility is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol structure complexityVSAvoidchroma quantization control flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the picture into quantization groups (QGs) at a finer granularity level, allowing independent chroma QP offset control for each QG. This segmentation enables region-specific chroma quality adjustment without requiring multiple slices, resolving the contradiction by providing fine-grained control (improving flexibility) while maintaining a simpler structure than slice-based approaches (managing complexity).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables different chroma QP offset values to be applied to different quantization groups within the same picture or slice. This allows local optimization of chroma quality in specific regions (e.g., regions with skin tones or important color information) while using coarser control elsewhere, balancing flexibility needs with overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Device complexity

If chroma QP is tightly coupled with luma QP at macroblock level, then device complexity is reduced, but independent chroma quality control is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparameter control structureVSAvoidindependent chroma quality adjustment
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent separates chroma QP control from luma QP control by introducing independent chroma_qp_offset_cb and chroma_qp_offset_cr parameters at the quantization group level. This decoupling allows independent adjustment of chroma quality without changing luma settings, resolving the contradiction by enabling independent control (improving ease of operation) while using a systematic parameter structure (managing complexity).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic chroma QP offset adjustment at the quantization group level, allowing the chroma QP to vary independently from luma QP across different regions. This dynamic control mechanism enables flexible chroma quality adjustment in response to local content characteristics while maintaining a manageable parameter control structure through inheritance from higher levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple slices are used to provide chroma QP control, then chroma quantization flexibility is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechroma QP control flexibilityVSAvoidslice structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using multiple slices (horizontal division) to achieve chroma QP control flexibility, the patent introduces a new dimension of control at the quantization group level within slices. This allows fine-grained chroma QP adjustment without creating additional slice structures, resolving the contradiction by providing flexibility through a different organizational dimension that avoids slice-related complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Data Source

PatentEP2854404B1Chroma quantization in video coding
Publication Date: 2024.11.20 APPLE INC
  • EP2854404B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2854404B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP2854404B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method of signaling additional chroma QP offset values that are specific to quantization groups is provided, in which each quantization group explicitly specifies its own set of chroma QP offset values. Alternatively, a table of possible sets of chroma QP offset values is specified in the header area of the picture, and each quantization group uses an index to select an entry from the table for determining its own set of chroma QP offset values. The quantization group specific chroma QP offset values are then used to determine the chroma QP values for blocks within the quantization group in addition to chroma QP offset values already specified for higher levels of the video coding hierarchy.