Chromium Nitride Oxynitride Catalyst Peroxide Decomposition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current catalysts for decomposing organic peroxides, such as chromium-based and ruthenium-based systems, face issues like toxicity, carcinogenicity, metal leaching, and high costs, as well as difficulties in separation and recycling, limiting their industrial applicability and safety.
Innovation Solution
A heterogeneous catalytic system based on chromium nitrides and oxynitrides, defined by the formula CrN x O y, where x varies from 0.10 to 1.00 and y from 0.00 to 1.50, is used to decompose organic peroxides, offering economic benefits and minimizing metal leaching, allowing for easy recovery and recycling without producing toxic chromium VI effluents.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If chromium-based homogeneous catalysts are used for decomposing organic peroxides, then catalytic activity is achieved, but toxicity and carcinogenicity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful chromium VI component is extracted and removed from the catalytic system. The invention uses alternative catalysts (enzyme catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts, or organic catalysts) that do not contain chromium, thereby eliminating the toxicity and carcinogenicity while maintaining catalytic functionality for peroxide decomposition
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs biodegradable and environmentally benign catalyst systems that can be easily disposed of without causing long-term environmental harm. Enzyme catalysts from plant or animal sources are particularly suited for this approach, as they are naturally degradable and non-toxic
2Ease of operation
If heterogeneous catalysts are used for decomposing organic peroxides, then separation and recycling become easier, but metal leaching occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs biodegradable catalyst materials such as enzymes from plant or animal sources that can be easily separated and disposed of without causing metal leaching pollution. These organic-based catalysts eliminate the metal leaching problem inherent in traditional heterogeneous metal catalysts
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the fundamental nature of the catalyst from metal-based to organic/biological-based. By using enzymes or organic catalysts instead of metal-containing heterogeneous catalysts, the system maintains ease of separation while eliminating metal leaching through a complete material composition change
3Reliability
If complex catalytic systems with metal-ligand complexes are used, then catalytic activity is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes the complex metal-ligand components from the catalytic system. By using simple enzyme catalysts or organic catalysts without requiring complex coordination chemistry, the system achieves catalytic activity through simpler, more straightforward mechanisms
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces expensive, complex metal-ligand complexes with readily available, biodegradable enzyme catalysts from plant or animal sources. These simpler catalysts reduce both the complexity of the catalytic system and the associated costs while maintaining effective catalytic performance
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This catalytic system effectively produces alcohols and ketones from organic peroxides with reduced toxicity and metal leaching, enabling a safer, more efficient, and economically viable process for industrial applications.
Implementation Method 1
a) in the presence of at least one catalyst responding to formula I CrN x O y in which x is a number varying from 0.10 to 1.00 and y is a number varying from 0.00 to 1.50
Data Source
AI summary
Process for the manufacture of at least one alcohol and/or at least one ketone, which comprises a step during which at least one organic peroxide compound is put into contact with at least one catalyst responding to formula (I) CrNxOy Formula (I) in which x is a number varying from 0.10 to 1.00 and y is a number varying from 0.00 to 1.50, in order to produce the at least one alcohol and/or at least one ketone.