Cipher Fault Detection Using Parity Checks in Block Ciphers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Cryptographic systems employing block ciphers face challenges in detecting and correcting errors during the encryption process, leading to potential data corruption and delays in retransmission, especially when duplicating circuits is not feasible.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating parity symbols, such as multi-bit parity codes, mix column parities, checksums, and S-box parities, within the ciphering process to detect errors and facilitate error correction, allowing for efficient error detection and correction without duplicating circuits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If error detection mechanisms are implemented during ciphering, then reliability of data encryption is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces parity symbols as intermediary elements that mediate between the ciphering process and error detection. These parity symbols are calculated from intermediate values during ciphering and serve as mediators to detect errors without requiring complex redundant circuitry. The parity symbols act as a lightweight intermediary mechanism that enables error detection while maintaining relatively simple device architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical/redundant circuit-based error detection systems with a computational/mathematical approach using parity symbol calculation. Instead of using duplicate physical circuits to verify ciphering operations, the system substitutes this with mathematical parity checks on intermediate values, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining error detection capability.
2Reliability
If error detection is performed during ciphering, then data corruption is reduced, but processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by calculating parity symbols from intermediate values during the ciphering process itself, rather than performing error detection after the complete ciphering operation. This allows errors to be detected early in the process, enabling timely correction or retransmission decisions, thereby reducing overall processing time loss compared to post-ciphering error detection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables skipping of redundant retransmissions by performing error detection during ciphering. When errors are detected through parity checks, the system can immediately identify and correct issues or trigger retransmission only when necessary, rather than always performing full retransmission sequences. This rushing through of error detection during the main process reduces overall time loss.
3Reliability
If redundant circuits are used for error detection, then error detection capability is improved, but manufacturing cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the error detection function from separate redundant physical circuits and integrates it into the computational flow of the ciphering process itself. By taking out the error detection capability from dedicated hardware and embedding it in the form of parity symbol calculations within the existing ciphering logic, the system achieves error detection without the need for additional redundant circuitry, thereby reducing manufacturing cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent makes the ciphering process multi-functional by enabling it to perform both encryption and error detection simultaneously through the parity symbol mechanism. The same processing units that perform ciphering operations also calculate and verify parity symbols, eliminating the need for separate redundant circuits. This universality reduces manufacturing complexity and cost while maintaining error detection capability.
Data Source
AI summary
What is disclosed is an embodiment of a method for ciphering data. Data is provided for ciphering thereof. The data is ciphered in a plurality of steps. For each step, an encoding for error detection of the data for being processed within the step is determined. An output error detection encoding for the step is determined. The data for being processed within the round is processed to provide output error detection encoding which is then verified against the determined output error detection encoding. When the output error detection encoding is other than same as the determined error detection encoding, providing a signal indicative of an error within the cipher process.