Circuit Breaker Layout for Magnetic Arc Extinction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional circuit breaker designs suffer from poor arc extinguishing ability, large space occupation, poor isolation performance, and limited versatility due to unreasonable arrangement of mechanisms, which restricts the arc extinguishing chamber and increases design complexity.

Innovation Solution

A circuit breaker design with a central contact system surrounded by a locking mechanism, operating mechanism, and arc extinguishing system, where the arc extinguishing system covers the movement trajectory of the contact system, and the locking and operating mechanisms are positioned on either side, with a base housing that maximizes the arc extinguishing chamber length and includes a magnetism increasing component to enhance arc extinguishing efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a circuit breaker uses a conventional arc chute design, then it can extinguish electrical arcs, but the arc extinction capability is insufficient for high-voltage applications and the structure becomes complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearc extinction capabilityVSAvoidstructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the conventional mechanical arc chute structure with a magnetic field-based arc extinction mechanism. Permanent magnets generate magnetic fields that interact with arc currents to produce Lorentz forces, directly deflecting and extinguishing arcs without complex mechanical components. This substitution of magnetic field action for mechanical structure resolves the contradiction by achieving high-voltage arc extinction capability while simplifying the overall device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of arc extinction from mechanical separation (in arc chutes) to magnetic field interaction. By utilizing the Lorentz force effect where magnetic field strength and current interaction produce arc-deflecting forces, the system achieves effective arc extinction at high voltages without requiring the complex multi-layered mechanical structures of conventional arc chutes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If a circuit breaker uses magnetic blowouts instead of arc chutes, then the structure is simplified, but harmful magnetic fields are generated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructure complexityVSAvoidharmful magnetic fields
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the potentially harmful magnetic fields into a beneficial arc-extinguishing mechanism. The permanent magnets generate magnetic fields that, while present in the environment, are specifically utilized to create Lorentz forces on the arc currents. These forces rapidly deflect and extinguish arcs, transforming what could be considered a harmful electromagnetic effect into a useful arc-quenching mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces the Lorentz force effect as an intermediary mechanism between the magnetic fields and the arcs. Rather than magnetic fields directly acting as harmful interference, they serve as intermediaries that generate forces on the moving charge carriers in the arc plasma, causing arc deflection and extinction. This intermediary action converts the magnetic field from a harmful factor into a controlled arc-management tool.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If a circuit breaker uses conventional arc extinction methods, then it can handle standard voltages, but it cannot effectively extinguish arcs in high-voltage applications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehigh-voltage arc extinctionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical arc extinction methods (arc chutes, blast coils) with a magnetic field-based Lorentz force mechanism. In high-voltage applications, the permanent magnets generate sufficiently strong magnetic fields that interact with arc currents to produce powerful deflecting forces, achieving effective arc extinction at high voltages without requiring the complex mechanical structures needed in conventional designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design improves arc extinguishing efficiency, reduces locking and unlocking torque, enhances reliability, and allows for flexible modular expansion, while ensuring safety and isolation performance.

Implementation Method 1

the arc is subjected to a Lorentz force generated by interaction between a magnetic field from a permanent magnet and current flowing through the arc

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLorentz force: Lorentz Force

Implementation Method 2

When the movable contact blade is separated from the fixed contact blade, an arc is generated between the contact blades

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectArc discharge: Electric Arc

Data Source

PatentEP4181166B1Circuit breaker
Publication Date: 2026.04.15 XIAMEN HONGFA ELECTRICAL SAFETY & CONTROLS CO LTD
  • EP4181166B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4181166B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4181166B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A circuit breaker having an optimized structure, the circuit breaker comprising a circuit breaker housing, a release (5), a locking mechanism (4), an operating mechanism (2), a contact system (3), and an arc extinguishing system (6). The contact system comprises a moving contact (31) and a stationary contact, the moving contact moves relative to the stationary contact to implement connection or disconnection, and the movement of the moving contact forms a moving track. The contact system is approximately arranged at a central position, and the release, the locking mechanism, the operating mechanism, and the arc extinguishing system are approximately arranged on the outer periphery so as to surround the contact system. The moving track of the contact system is located below the contact system, the locking mechanism traverses above the contact system, the release and the operating mechanism are disposed on two sides of the contact system, respectively, and the arc extinguishing system is disposed below the contact system so as to at least partially cover the moving track.