Circular Polarized Patch Antenna With Static Element
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Solution Overview
Problem
Achieving circular polarization across a wide frequency bandwidth in mm-wave RFIC packages is challenging due to the need for phase shifting components, which increases size, complexity, and cost.
Innovation Solution
The design of compact patch antennas with a non-symmetrically shaped radiating element and a single feed line, optionally including a static element and a modified ground feed structure, enables circularly polarized radiation without requiring phase shifting components, allowing for efficient operation across multiple frequency bands.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If phase shifting components are included in the RFIC package to achieve circular polarization, then circular polarization radiation pattern is achieved, but package size, complexity, and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the phase shifting function from separate components and integrates it directly into the radiating element geometry. The non-symmetric shape of the radiating element inherently provides the phase difference between orthogonal components, eliminating the need for external phase shifting components in the RFIC package.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs asymmetric geometry in the radiating element to generate circular polarization. The non-symmetric shape creates different current distributions along orthogonal directions, producing the required phase difference between orthogonal electric field components without requiring additional phase shifting components.
2Ease of operation
If phase shifting components are included in the RFIC package to achieve circular polarization, then circular polarization radiation pattern is achieved, but package size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the phase shifting function from separate components and integrates it directly into the radiating element geometry. This integration eliminates the need for additional space-detecting phase shifting components, thereby reducing the overall package area.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the phase shifting function with the radiating element structure itself. The non-symmetric radiating element simultaneously serves as both the radiation source and the phase-shifting mechanism, merging multiple functions into a single compact structure that reduces package footprint.
3Ease of operation
If conventional antenna designs are used to achieve circular polarization, then circular polarization is achieved at specific frequencies, but bandwidth is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs asymmetric geometry in the radiating element to generate circular polarization. The non-symmetric shape creates different current distributions along orthogonal directions, producing the required phase difference between orthogonal electric field components. This geometric approach maintains circular polarization characteristics across a broader frequency range compared to conventional designs.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes in the non-symmetric radiating element geometry to achieve wideband circular polarization. By carefully designing the dimensional parameters of the asymmetric structure, the antenna maintains circular polarization characteristics across a wide frequency bandwidth without requiring complex phase shifting networks.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution allows for compact, efficient, and cost-effective mm-wave RFIC packages with desired gain and directivity, maintaining circular polarization across a wide frequency range without increasing package size or complexity.
Implementation Method 1
Each of the antennas is electrically coupled to an integrated circuit via a respective single feed line. Each of the antennas comprises a patch antenna capable of operating across a wide frequency bandwidth at least in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) and/or sub-millimeter wave (sub mm-wave) frequency spectrum.
Implementation Method 2
An antenna includes a radiating element, a ground element, and a static element. The static element can be a parasitic element that is not electrically connected to an integrated circuit.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus comprising at least one antenna for transmission and/or reception of circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation. The antenna includes a radiating element, a static element, and a single feed line. The single feed line is coupled between the radiating element and a circuit that drives the antenna. The radiating element has a non-symmetrical outer perimeter shape. The radiating element may include an aperture. The antenna may further include a ground element and a supplemental ground feed structure, the supplemental ground feed structure located between the radiating element and the ground element and the radiating element located between the supplemental ground feed structure and the static element.