Chronic Kidney Disease Composition With Dialysis and Alcohol Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations for chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily focus on optimizing raw materials without considering the influence of the preparation process or specific active ingredients, particularly neglecting the extraction and purification of both water-soluble and fat-soluble components, which affect therapeutic efficacy.
Innovation Solution
A pharmaceutical composition combining Astragalus membranaceus, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Bombyx batryticatus, and Whitmania pigra is prepared by decoction, dialysis, and alcohol extraction to remove small-molecule polysaccharides and obtain fat-soluble flavones, enhancing the therapeutic effect for CKD by improving kidney function through strengthening body resistance and eliminating pathogens.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If only water extraction is used to obtain water-soluble polysaccharides, then the extraction process is simple, but fat-soluble active ingredients (flavones and alkaloids) are not extracted, limiting therapeutic efficacy
Solution Approach 1:
The extraction process is divided into separate stages: water extraction for polysaccharides, followed by alcohol extraction for fat-soluble ingredients. Each extraction method targets specific components, ensuring comprehensive recovery of different types of active ingredients without interfering with each other
Solution Approach 2:
The extraction solvent is changed from water to alcohol (changing the chemical parameter of the extraction medium) to access different types of active ingredients. This parameter change enables the extraction of fat-soluble flavones and alkaloids that cannot be obtained through water extraction alone
2Ease of manufacture
If all polysaccharides are extracted without purification, then the extraction process is simple, but polysaccharides of different molecular weights and purities are mixed, affecting biological activity
Solution Approach 1:
Small-molecule polysaccharides and impurities are selectively removed through dialysis, retaining only the desired high-molecular-weight polysaccharides. This separation step purifies the polysaccharide fraction and controls its molecular weight distribution to optimize biological activity
Solution Approach 2:
Dialysis is performed as a preliminary purification step before final formulation. This preliminary action removes unwanted small-molecule contaminants and adjusts the polysaccharide preparation to the desired molecular weight range, ensuring consistent biological activity
3Ease of manufacture
If traditional TCM formulations are used without process optimization, then the formulation development is simple, but the therapeutic efficacy is not maximized due to lack of specific active ingredient control
Solution Approach 1:
Different parts of the TCM formula are processed differently to preserve or enhance specific active ingredients. Water extraction preserves polysaccharides while alcohol extraction recovers flavones and alkaloids, creating a multi-component preparation with optimized local qualities for different therapeutic effects
Solution Approach 2:
The final formulation is a composite preparation containing multiple types of active ingredients (polysaccharides, flavones, alkaloids) extracted through different methods. This composite approach combines the therapeutic effects of various ingredient classes to maximize overall efficacy
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition significantly reduces creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urine protein/creatinine ratios, and improves pathological changes such as glomerular mesangial expansion, mesangial matrix deposition, and renal interstitial fibrosis in CKD models, thereby delaying disease progression.
Implementation Method 1
a decoction solution obtained after decocting W. pigra, B. batryticatus, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in water is subjected to dialysis to remove small-molecule polysaccharides and impurities
Implementation Method 2
a residue obtained after decocting W. pigra, B. batryticatus, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in water is further subjected to alcohol extraction to obtain active ingredients such as flavones
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a pharmaceutical composition and use thereof in treating a chronic kidney disease. In the pharmaceutical composition, Astragalus membranaceus is adopted for strengthening body resistance, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Whitmania pigra (W. pigra), and Bombyx batryticatus (B. batryticatus) are adopted for eliminating pathogens, that is, the pharmaceutical composition can improve a kidney function through the combination of strengthening body resistance with eliminating pathogens. The above treatments all can significantly reduce creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urine protein/creatinine ratio indexes in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF), and improve pathological changes such as glomerular mesangial expansion, extracellular matrix deposition of mesangial cells, glomerulosclerosis, and renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in rats (a model) with CRF, thereby further improving a therapeutic effect of the TCM composition for CKD.