Phase-Recombined Internal Clock Generation for Duty Cycle Distortion

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-frequency external clock signals in synchronous integrated circuits introduce significant phase shifts and duty cycle distortions in internal clock signals due to internal circuitry delays, which can lead to data integrity issues, especially in low power applications with varying voltages and pin counts.

Innovation Solution

A clock generator system using two clock buffers with a 180-degree phase difference to produce internal clock signals, ensuring consistent rising edge delays and minimizing duty cycle distortions through recombination of phase offset signals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the frequency of the external clock signal is increased to increase the data transfer rate, then the productivity is improved, but the phase shift between internal and external clock signals becomes more significant due to internal circuitry delays

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transfer rateVSAvoidphase shift
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the clock signal generation into two separate paths: an external clock path and an internal clock path. By segmenting the clock distribution architecture, the system can independently optimize each path to minimize phase shifts while maintaining high data transfer rates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces delay elements as intermediary components in the internal clock path to compensate for phase shifts. These delay elements act as mediators that adjust the timing of internal clock signals to align with external clock signals, thereby reducing phase differentiation without limiting the external clock frequency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If the frequency of the external clock signal is increased, then the productivity is improved, but the duty cycle error increases due to variations in the external clock duty cycle

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transfer rateVSAvoidduty cycle error
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent separates the duty cycle correction function into a distinct circuit path independent of the main clock distribution. This segmentation allows duty cycle correction to be applied specifically to internal clock signals without affecting the external clock frequency or data transfer rate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the duty cycle of internal clock signals is monitored and corrected by adjusting the width of clock pulses. This feedback loop ensures that duty cycle errors are continuously minimized even as external clock frequency varies, maintaining timing precision for data latching.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Use of energy by moving object

If low power applications use lower frequency clocks, then the use of energy is improved, but the duty cycle variation increases due to VCC variations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidduty cycle variation
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-service duty cycle correction where the clock circuit automatically compensates for VCC-induced duty cycle variations without requiring external intervention. The correction circuitry monitors and adjusts internal clock duty cycles in real-time, ensuring stable timing even in low-power modes with varying supply voltages.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts clock signal parameters (duty cycle, pulse width) in response to VCC variations. By changing these parameters adaptively, the system maintains consistent timing characteristics across different power consumption levels without requiring higher operating frequencies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Device complexity

If a single clock buffer is used at high frequencies and low voltages, then the device complexity is reduced, but the duty cycle distortions increase due to varying delays

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclock buffer configurationVSAvoidduty cycle distortion
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the clock buffering function into multiple specialized buffers with different characteristics. Instead of using a single general-purpose buffer, the system employs segmented buffer stages that can be independently optimized for high-frequency, low-voltage operation, thereby reducing duty cycle distortions while maintaining manageable complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality optimization by tailoring the characteristics of specific clock buffer stages to their functional requirements. Different buffer stages are designed with optimized parameters for their specific positions in the clock distribution network, improving overall duty cycle accuracy without uniformly increasing complexity across the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentUS7936199B2Apparatus and method for external to internal clock generation
Publication Date: 2011.05.03 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC
  • US7936199B2 patent drawing
  • US7936199B2 patent drawing
  • US7936199B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A phase recombination circuit includes a first phase input and a first one-shot pulse generator adapted to receive the first phase input and produce a first signal to pull a signal to a first state. The phase recombination circuit also includes a second phase input in phase relationship with the first phase input, and a second one-shot pulse generator adapted to receive the second phase input and produce a second signal to pull a signal to a second state.