Closed-Loop Polysilicon Production Reducing Hydrogen Chloride Consumption

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for producing polycrystalline silicon from trichlorosilane are inefficient in reducing the use of hydrogen and chlorine, and there is a need for closed-loop processes that minimize the consumption of hydrogen chloride.

Innovation Solution

A closed-loop system involving a chlorination reactor to produce trichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride, a fluidized bed reactor for decomposing trichlorosilane to polycrystalline silicon, and a hydrogenation reactor to recycle silicon tetrachloride back into trichlorosilane, with efficient separation and purification processes to minimize waste and optimize resource use.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of substance

If conventional methods are used to produce polycrystalline silicon from trichlorosilane, then polycrystalline silicon can be produced, but the consumption of hydrogen and chlorine is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconsumption of hydrogen and chlorineVSAvoidproduction efficiency of polycrystalline silicon
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent recovers and recycles hydrogen chloride from the decomposition process back into the system. The effluent gas containing hydrogen chloride is captured and fed back to the chlorination reactor to produce more trichlorosilane, thereby reducing the need for fresh hydrogen chloride input and minimizing substance loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements a closed-loop feedback mechanism where the effluent gas from the fluidized bed reactor is processed and the hydrogen chloride component is fed back to the chlorination reactor. This feedback loop optimizes resource utilization and reduces waste of hydrogen and chlorine.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Loss of substance

If conventional open-loop processes are used, then polycrystalline silicon production is simple, but hydrogen chloride consumption is not minimized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydrogen chloride consumptionVSAvoidprocess system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a closed-loop system where hydrogen chloride is recovered from the effluent gas and recycled back to the chlorination reactor. This recovery process minimizes hydrogen chloride consumption despite adding complexity through effluent gas processing equipment and recycling infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Solution Approach 2:

The effluent gas processing system serves multiple functions: it removes particulate matter, recovers hydrogen chloride, and prepares the gas for recycling. This multi-functionality justifies the added system complexity by achieving significant reduction in hydrogen chloride consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If trichlorosilane decomposition is performed without hydrogenation reactor, then the process is simpler, but silicon tetrachloride is not converted back to trichlorosilane

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrichlorosilane utilization efficiencyVSAvoidreactor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The hydrogenation reactor recovers silicon tetrachloride from the decomposition process and converts it back to trichlorosilane by reacting with hydrogen. This recovery process improves trichlorosilane utilization efficiency despite adding a reactor to the system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Solution Approach 2:

The hydrogenation reactor enables continuous conversion of silicon tetrachloride back to trichlorosilane, which is then fed back to the fluidized bed reactor. This continuous cycle maximizes the utilization of trichlorosilane and maintains high productivity despite the added system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system effectively reduces the consumption of hydrogen and chlorine, achieving high conversion rates of trichlorosilane to polycrystalline silicon while maintaining a closed-loop process for trichlorosilane, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen, thereby enhancing efficiency and reducing operational costs.

Implementation Method 1

trichlorosilane is decomposed to produce polycrystalline silicon

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal decomposition: Thermolysis

Implementation Method 2

silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen are introduced into a hydrogenation reactor to produce trichlorosilane

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogenation: Hydrogenation

Implementation Method 3

hydrogen chloride and silicon are contacted to produce trichlorosilane

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP2630081B1Production of polycrystalline silicon in closed-loop processes and systems
Publication Date: 2016.04.20 SUNEDISON INC
  • EP2630081B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2630081B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2630081B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Production of polycrystalline silicon in a substantially closed-loop process is disclosed. The processes generally include decomposition of trichlorosilane produced from metallurgical grade silicon.