Closed Loop Ventilator Control Using Multi-Parameter Physiological Feedback
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current mechanical ventilators lack the ability to fully assess a patient's condition using measurements alone, as they do not have access to neurological, metabolic, and circulatory parameters, which are essential for comprehensive patient assessment and setting adjustments.
Innovation Solution
Integration of physiological sensors and patient monitors with mechanical ventilators to obtain neurological, metabolic, and circulatory parameters, allowing for closed-loop control to adjust ventilator settings and modes based on comprehensive patient data, including respiratory parameters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of information
If mechanical ventilators use only respiratory parameters for control, then the control system remains simple, but the assessment of patient condition is incomplete
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple monitoring systems (respiratory, neurological, metabolic, and circulatory parameter monitors) into a unified closed-loop control system for the mechanical ventilator. This merging allows comprehensive patient assessment by integrating data from diverse sources, including EEG for neurological status, blood gas analysis for metabolic parameters, and hemodynamic monitoring for circulatory status, all of which inform ventilator setting adjustments.
Solution Approach 2:
The control system is designed to handle multiple types of physiological parameters simultaneously, making it multi-functional. It processes respiratory parameters (tidal volume, respiratory rate), neurological parameters (consciousness level via EEG), metabolic parameters (blood gas levels), and circulatory parameters (heart rate, blood pressure) to comprehensively assess patient condition and adjust ventilator settings accordingly.
2Reliability
If mechanical ventilators integrate multiple physiological parameters, then patient assessment becomes comprehensive, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs an intermediary processing system that receives data from multiple specialized sensors (EEG electrodes for neurological parameters, blood gas analyzers for metabolic parameters, hemodynamic sensors for circulatory parameters) and integrates this information into a unified control algorithm. This intermediary layer manages the complexity by standardizing data inputs and coordinating the interaction between diverse sensing systems and the ventilator control.
3Productivity
If mechanical ventilators require constant clinician adjustments, then control precision is maintained, but time consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a closed-loop feedback control system that continuously monitors multiple physiological parameters (respiratory rate, tidal volume, EEG consciousness level, blood gas composition, hemodynamic status) and automatically adjusts ventilator settings based on this feedback. The system compares actual patient responses against target values and makes real-time adjustments to maintain optimal ventilation, reducing the need for constant manual clinician intervention while preserving control precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The ventilator system performs self-adjustment by automatically modifying its own operating parameters based on integrated physiological data. The control algorithm autonomously determines when and how to adjust settings such as tidal volume, respiratory rate, and PEEP levels by analyzing trends in neurological, metabolic, and circulatory parameters, enabling the system to serve itself without continuous external input.
Data Source
AI summary
A mechanical ventilator closed loop control system, methods, and apparatus are disclosed. In an example, a mechanical ventilator performs a respiratory treatment for a patient according to respiratory treatment settings, which include at least one ventilation mode. During the treatment, the mechanical ventilator receives and/or determines physiological parameter values from one or more physiological sensors. The physiological parameters may be patient neurological parameters, metabolic parameters, circulatory parameters, and/or respiratory parameters. The mechanical ventilator uses one or more closed loop control algorithms and the physiological parameter values to determine at least some of the respiratory treatment settings and/or the ventilation mode is to be adjusted. After making the determination, the mechanical ventilator adjusts the respiratory treatment so that the treatment reflects a current health status of the patient.