Cloud Firewall Region Selection and Scale-to-Zero Deployment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current firewall deployment in cloud-based services leads to unnecessary resource allocation and increased latency due to the requirement of maintaining at least one firewall in each cloud region, regardless of traffic volume, resulting in inefficient resource utilization and suboptimal network performance.

Innovation Solution

An automated and intelligent service for scaling firewalls to zero in underutilized regions and strategically deploying them in regions with high usage, based on usage metrics and geographic proximity, to optimize resource allocation and reduce latency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If firewalls are deployed in multiple cloud regions to ensure availability, then service availability is improved, but resource allocation efficiency deteriorates due to maintaining firewalls in underutilized regions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveservice availabilityVSAvoidresource allocation efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic firewall deployment that adjusts firewall presence in cloud regions based on real-time traffic conditions. Firewalls are automatically instantiated in regions experiencing traffic surges and terminated in regions with minimal traffic, transforming the static deployment model into a dynamic one that adapts to changing conditions while maintaining service availability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system monitors traffic parameters such as request volume, latency, and error rates to determine when to deploy or remove firewalls from specific regions. By changing deployment parameters based on observed traffic patterns, the system optimizes resource allocation while ensuring firewalls remain available in regions where they are actually needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If firewalls are deployed in all selected cloud regions, then geographic coverage is improved, but network latency worsens due to suboptimal firewall placement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegeographic coverageVSAvoidnetwork latency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism that continuously monitors network traffic patterns, user geographic distribution, and performance metrics. This feedback loop enables the system to identify which regions actually require firewall presence and automatically adjust deployment accordingly, ensuring firewalls are placed in locations that minimize latency for the majority of users.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary analysis of traffic patterns and user distribution to proactively determine optimal firewall deployment locations before traffic demands arise. By anticipating where firewalls will be needed based on historical and real-time data, the system can pre-position firewalls in optimal locations, reducing latency before performance degradation occurs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If minimum firewall availability is maintained in each region, then service reliability is improved, but cost increases due to unnecessary resource allocation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveservice reliabilityVSAvoidresource allocation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the minimum availability requirement from the rigid policy and transforms it into a flexible condition. Instead of mandating firewalls in all regions, the system extracts only the essential requirement: firewalls must be available in regions where traffic actually exists. This allows removal of firewalls from regions where they provide no value while maintaining reliability where needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements self-service automation that monitors its own performance metrics and traffic patterns to make deployment decisions. The automated service determines when firewalls should be deployed or removed based on observed conditions, eliminating the need for manual intervention and enabling rapid adaptation to changing traffic patterns while optimizing resource allocation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP4160985B1Intelligent deployment region selection and scaling of cloud-based firewalls
Publication Date: 2026.03.11 PALO ALTO NETWORKS INC
  • EP4160985B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4160985B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4160985B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

Automated, intelligent selection of regions for cloud-based firewall deployment and scaling of firewalls down to as few as zero in a cloud region is described herein. The service collects and evaluates Usage metrics pertaining to firewalls deployed in each region are collected and evaluated to determine whether to scale firewalls in a region up or down. Scaling down of firewalls to zero is conditioned on at least one other region having a firewall(s) available for traffic inspection such that the number of total firewalls available for inspection of network traffic is at least one at any given time. When scaling up through deployment of additional firewalls, if endpoint devices located near a region in which a firewall is not available contribute substantially to firewall usage in another region, the region nearest to those endpoint devices is determined and selected for deployment of the additional firewalls.