Cluster-Head Vehicle Routing for Sparse Roadside Unit Coverage
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Solution Overview
Problem
The sparse deployment of roadside base stations in current Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems leads to communication challenges, as most vehicles may not be able to connect with the outside world due to inadequate coverage.
Innovation Solution
The proposed solution involves a method for an IoV data transmission system that organizes on-board units into clusters with a cluster head, where each cluster includes a routing table and status tables for intra-cluster and surrounding cluster heads, enabling self-organizing networks and hierarchical routing to efficiently forward data to roadside units, even in sparse RSU environments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If roadside base stations are deployed sparsely to reduce cost, then deployment cost is reduced, but vehicle communication coverage deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces vehicle nodes as intermediary relay points to extend communication coverage. These vehicles act as mobile base stations, forwarding data between other vehicles and the sparse roadside infrastructure, thereby mediating the coverage gap caused by cost-driven sparse deployment
Solution Approach 2:
The network is segmented into multiple hierarchical levels: roadside base stations provide core connectivity, while vehicle nodes form distributed cluster-head networks that segment and extend coverage to remote areas, allowing the system to maintain reliability without increasing infrastructure density
2Reliability
If vehicle nodes are used as relay points to extend coverage, then communication coverage is improved, but network complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The network topology is made dynamic through mobile vehicle nodes that adapt their positions and roles based on real-time conditions. Cluster-head vehicles are dynamically selected and reselected based on mobility patterns, creating a flexible network structure that manages complexity through adaptation rather than rigid design
Solution Approach 2:
Not all vehicles participate equally in routing functions. Only selected cluster-head vehicles perform complex routing and relay operations, while other vehicles use simpler communication modes. This partial specialization reduces overall network complexity by limiting sophisticated operations to a subset of nodes
3Productivity
If cluster-head selection is based on multiple status parameters, then routing optimization is improved, but computational complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system monitors and responds to changes in status parameters (mobility, signal strength, energy) to dynamically adjust cluster-head selection. By changing parameters based on real-time conditions rather than static configurations, the system achieves routing optimization without requiring complex predictive algorithms
Data Source
AI summary
A method performed in an Internet of Vehicles data transmission system is provided in the present disclosure, where the Internet of Vehicles data transmission system includes a plurality of clusters and at least one road-side unit connected to the Internet, each cluster includes at least one on-board unit, and the at least one on-board unit includes a cluster head on-board unit, and the method includes: transmitting data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit, via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs. An on-board unit and an Internet of Vehicles data transmission system are further provided.