CMC Microchannel Cooling Layout for Near-Surface Heat Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for forming cooling features in ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components are inadequate for optimizing near-surface cooling, as they lack efficient techniques for creating small, strategically located cooling channels that maximize convection and film cooling effectiveness.

Innovation Solution

A method involving laying up body plies, microchannel plies with voids to form microchannels, and a cover ply to create a CMC component, with machining of film cooling holes to supply cooling fluid from microchannels to the surface, optimizing the size and location of cooling channels for enhanced cooling efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional cooling methods are used in CMC components, then the component structure is simple, but cooling effectiveness is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidcooling channel structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling system is segmented into multiple functional components: microchannels for convection cooling, film cooling holes for film cooling, and a cooling fluid supply conduit. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific cooling function optimally, resolving the contradiction between cooling effectiveness and structural simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different cooling mechanisms are applied to different locations: microchannels are positioned for convection cooling in specific regions, while film cooling holes are strategically located for film cooling where needed. This local differentiation maximizes cooling effectiveness without requiring complex structures throughout the entire component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If large cooling channels are used, then the cooling structure is simple to form, but cooling effectiveness is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidcooling fluid flow
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling system uses locally optimized channel sizes and positions: microchannels with specific dimensions are placed where convection cooling is most effective, while film cooling holes are positioned and sized for optimal film cooling. This local optimization achieves high cooling effectiveness with reduced overall cooling fluid flow requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the parameters of cooling channels (size, shape, position, distribution) to optimize cooling performance. By carefully controlling these parameters, the system achieves enhanced cooling effectiveness while minimizing the quantity of cooling fluid required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If microchannels are formed close to the surface, then cooling effectiveness increases, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidmicrochannel position and size
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The microchannels and film cooling holes are formed during the molding process itself, before final component assembly. This preliminary formation ensures precise positioning and consistent dimensions without requiring subsequent high-precision machining operations, thereby maintaining manufacturing feasibility while achieving near-surface cooling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables precise formation of small cooling channels near the surface, reducing the cooling fluid flow required while improving cooling effectiveness and extending component life by optimizing convection and film cooling.

Implementation Method 1

microchannels directing a flow of cooling fluid in close proximity to an outer surface of a composite component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 2

machining at least one film cooling hole from an outer surface of the CMC component to supply a film of cooling fluid from the at least one microchannel to the outer surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFilm cooling: Boundary Layer

Data Source

PatentEP3401506B1Methods for forming microchannels in CMC components
Publication Date: 2021.12.01 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3401506B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3401506B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3401506B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

CMC components (100) having microchannels (116) and methods for forming microchannels (116) in CMC components (100) are provided. For example, a method for forming microchannels (116) in a CMC component (100) comprises laying up a plurality of body plies (120) for forming a body (122) of the CMC component (100)0; laying up a microchannel ply (124) on the plurality of body plies (120) that has at least one void therein for forming at least one microchannel (116); laying up a cover ply (128) on the microchannel ply (124) to define an outer layer (130) of the CMC component (100); and processing the laid up body plies (120), microchannel ply (124), and cover ply (128) to form the CMC component (100). In another embodiment, the method comprises applying an additive matrix (132) to the body plies (120) to define at least one microchannel (116). In still other embodiments, the method comprises machining at least one microchannel (116) in the plurality of body plies (120).