Coordinate Measuring Machine Dual Inclination Sensor Self-Calibration

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing coordinate measuring machines, such as laser trackers, face inaccuracies and reliability issues in determining the inclination of the beam steering unit, especially during high-precision measurements, due to limitations in inclination sensing, particularly when slight deviations occur between the stationary base and rotatable support.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of two inclination sensors, one in the stationary base and another in the rotatable support, allows for precise and reliable determination of inclination in multiple directions, enabling continuous monitoring and self-calibration of the measurement system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a single inclination sensor is used in the beam guidance unit, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision and reliability of inclination determination deteriorates due to inability to detect deviations between base and support

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinclination determination precisionVSAvoidsensor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The inclination sensing function is segmented into two separate sensors: one mounted on the stationary base and another on the rotatable support. This segmentation allows each sensor to independently measure inclination from its respective reference frame, enabling detection of relative deviations between base and support while maintaining manageable system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The control unit acts as an intermediary that receives inclination data from both sensors, processes the information to determine relative positioning deviations, and generates correction signals. This intermediary processing layer resolves the contradiction by intelligently combining data from multiple sensors to achieve high measurement precision without proportionally increasing overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If two inclination sensors are implemented (one in base, one in support), then the reliability of inclination detection is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinclination sensing reliabilityVSAvoidsensor configuration complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring inclination from both sensors and using the control unit to compare measurements. When deviations between base and support are detected, the system generates corrective signals to realign the beam guidance unit, thereby maintaining measurement reliability despite the increased sensor configuration complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The dual-sensor configuration enables self-service functionality where the system automatically detects and corrects its own alignment deviations. The control unit processes data from both sensors and autonomously generates correction signals, allowing the system to self-monitor and self-calibrate without external intervention, thus improving reliability while managing complexity through automation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Measurement precision

If inclination deviations between base and support are not monitored, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision deteriorates during rotations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoordinate measurement precisionVSAvoidmonitoring system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces complex mechanical alignment mechanisms with an electronic monitoring and correction system. Two inclination sensors and a control unit electronically detect and correct alignment deviations, substituting what would otherwise require complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms during rotations, thereby maintaining measurement precision while managing overall system complexity through electronic control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enhances the accuracy and reliability of measurement results by providing more accurate inclination data, allowing for real-time self-monitoring and self-calibration, thereby reducing errors and maintaining measurement precision even during rotations.

Implementation Method 1

a first tilt sensor is provided at the base, and a second tilt sensor is provided at the support, wherein the first tilt sensor and the second tilt sensor are each configured to detect an inclination in at least two substantially orthogonal directions with respect to the direction of gravity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravity: Gravitation

Implementation Method 2

at least one distance meter for measuring the distance to the measuring aid by means of a measuring beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime of flight: Time of Flight

Implementation Method 3

which is targeted by an optical measuring beam from the measuring device, in particular a laser beam. The laser beam is reflected parallel back to the measuring device, and the reflected beam is detected by a detection unit of the device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 4

The direction of beam reception is determined, for example, by means of angle sensors assigned to a deflection mirror or a targeting unit of the system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical detection:

Implementation Method 5

The interferometers used for distance measurement in this context primarily employ HeNe gas lasers as light sources due to their long coherence length and the resulting measurement range. The coherence length of the HeNe laser can reach several hundred meters

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser coherence: Coherent Light

Implementation Method 6

Since such distance measuring units can only measure relative distance changes, modern laser trackers incorporate so-called absolute distance sensors in addition to interferometers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP2980526B1Coordinate measuring device and method
Publication Date: 2019.01.16 LEICA GEOSYSTEMS AG
  • EP2980526B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2980526B1 patent drawingFigure 2a
  • EP2980526B1 patent drawingFigure 2b

AI summary

Coordinate measuring machine (1), with laser tracker, comprising at least one support (20) rotatably mounted on a base (40) about a first axis of rotation (9), wherein a first inclination sensor (49) is provided on the base (40), characterized by a second inclination sensor (29) on the support (20), wherein the first inclination sensor (49) and the second inclination sensor (29) are each configured to detect an inclination in at least two substantially orthogonal directions with respect to the direction of gravity, and to output inclination data, and an evaluation and control unit (27) configured for the purpose of self-monitoring and/or self-calibration of the coordinate measuring machine (1) for acquiring and evaluating the inclination data of the two inclination sensors (29, 49).